Abstract
4-(1H-Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)benzoic acid (PIBA), a new amine-reactive fluorescent probe was synthesized and used as a pre-column derivatizing reagent for the determination of aliphatic amines from environmetal water samples. Derivatization was successfully carried out by a condensation reaction using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride as the dehydrant. Studies on derivatization conditions indicated that the condensation reaction proceeded rapidly and smoothly in the presence of pyridine. Amines were labeled with PIBA to give the corresponding sensitively fluorescent derivatives with an excitation maximum at λ ex 260 nm and an emission maximum at λ em 445 nm. Identification of derivatives was carried out by online APCI–MS–MS and showed an intense protonated molecular ion corresponding m/z [M + H]+ in the positive ion mode. Excellent linear responses were observed with coefficients of >0.9996. Detection limits were 6.7–27 fmol (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3). The mean intra- and inter-assay precision for all amine levels were <2.79 and 3.85%, respectively. The established method for the determination of aliphatic amines from real water was satisfactory.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1365%2Fs10337-009-1300-z/MediaObjects/10337_2009_1300_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1365%2Fs10337-009-1300-z/MediaObjects/10337_2009_1300_Fig2_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1365%2Fs10337-009-1300-z/MediaObjects/10337_2009_1300_Fig3_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1365%2Fs10337-009-1300-z/MediaObjects/10337_2009_1300_Fig4_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1365%2Fs10337-009-1300-z/MediaObjects/10337_2009_1300_Fig5_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
You J, Fan X, Lao W, Ou Q, Zhu Q (1999) Talanta 48:437–449. doi:10.1016/S0039-9140(98)00265-3
Sacher F, Lenz S, Brauch H (1997) J Chromatogr A 764:85–93. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00868-0
Schade GW, Crutzen PJ (1995) J Atmos Chem 22:319–346. doi:10.1007/BF00696641
Terashi A, Hanada Y, Kido A, Shinohara R (1990) J Chromatogr A 503:369–375. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)81516-8
Abalos M, Bayona JM, Ventura F (1999) Anal Chem 71:3531–3537. doi:10.1021/ac990197h
Valeur B (1993) Molecular luminescence spectroscopy. In: Schulman SG (ed) Wiley, New York, pp 25–84.
Zhu QZ, Li F, Guo XQ, Xu JG, Li WY (1997) Analyst 122:937–940. doi:10.1039/a700191f
Cháfer-Pericás C, Herráez-Hernández R, Campíns-Falcó P (2005) Talanta 66:1139–1145. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.01.013
Hanczko R, KÖrÖs Á, Tóth F, Molnár-Perl I (2005) J Chromatogr A 1087:210–222. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.056
Hao F, Lwin T, Bruckard WJ, Woodcock JT (2004) J Chromatogr A 1055:77–85. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.130
Verdú-Andrés J, Campíns-Falcó P, Herráez-Hernández R (2002) Chromatographia 55:129–134. doi:10.1007/BF02492132
López-Cervantes J, Sánchez-Machado DI, Rosas-Rodríguez JA (2006) J Chromatogr A 1105:106–110. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.08.040
Lozanov V, Benkova B, Mateva L, Petrov S, Popov E, Slavov C, Mitev V (2007) J Chromatogr B 860:92–97. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.10.020
Einarsson S, Josefsson B, Moller P, Sanchez D (1987) Anal Chem 59:1191–1195. doi:10.1021/ac00135a025
Faulkner AJ, Veening H, Becker HD (1991) Anal Chem 63:292–296. doi:10.1021/ac00003a020
Cohen SA, Michaud DP (1993) Anal Biochem 211:279–287. doi:10.1006/abio.1993.1270
You J, Zhao X, Suo Y, Wang H, Li Y, Sun J (2006) Anal Chim Acta 565:168–177. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.029
Li JS, Wang H, Cao LW, Zhang HS (2006) Talanta 69:1190–1199. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.12.035
Wang H, Liu X, Li JS, Zhang HS (2005) Chromatographia 61:31–36. doi:10.1365/s10337-004-0470-y
Liu X, Wang H, Liang SC, Zhang HS (2001) Chromatographia 53:326–330. doi:10.1007/BF02490434
Wang H, Liu X, Zhang N, Cao LW, Zhang HS (2006) J Sep Sci 29:635–640. doi:10.1002/jssc.200500508
Cao LW, Wang H, Li JS, Zhang HS (2005) J Chromatogr A 1063:143–151. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.093
You J, Zhang Y (2002) Chromatographia 56:43–50. doi:10.1007/BF02490245
Zhao X, You J, Suo Y (2007) J Liq Chromatogr R T 30:1963–1979. doi:10.1080/10826070701386595
You J, Zhao W, Liu L, Zhao X, Suo Y, Wang H, Li Y, Ding C (2007) Talanta 72:914–925. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2006.12.020
Liu S, Sun X, Zhu F, You J (2007) Journal of Qufu Normal Univ (Nat Sci) 33:77–79 (in Chinese) doi:CNKI:SUN:QFSF.0.2007-04-021
Haj-Yehia AI, Benet LZ (1996) J Chromatogr A 724:107–115. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00986-8
Mechref Y, Rassi ZE (1996) Anal Chem 68:1771–1777. doi:10.1021/ac951260f
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant # 20075016, and the Programs of “Hundreds Talent” of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (328).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, Z., You, J., **a, L. et al. Determination and Identification of Primary Aliphatic Amines Using 4-(1H-Phenanthro[9,10-d]Imidazol-2-yl)Benzoic Acid as Novel Pre-Column Labeling Reagent by LC with Fluorescence Detection and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectroscopy. Chroma 70, 1055–1063 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1300-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1365/s10337-009-1300-z