Abstract
The characteristics of nonequilibrium heat transfer of copper, such as thermal conductivity and heat capacity, are obtained in a wide temperature range (300 ≤ T ≤ 5700 K), including the region of melting-crystallization phase transformations by mathematical modeling. As is known, there are two mechanisms of heat transfer in a solid body: by elastic vibrations of the lattice and by free electrons. When determining these characteristics of copper heat transfer, the lattice and electronic components were taken into account. Modeling of the characteristics of heat transfer of the copper electronic subsystem in this work is based on the use of quantum statistics of the electron gas using the Fermi–Dirac integrals. The properties of the phonon subsystem were determined within the framework of the atomistic approach. The interaction potential of particles of the “embedded atom” family EAM was used for modeling. The simulation results were compared with the results of alternative calculations. The total heat capacity and thermal conductivity of copper, obtained by summing the electronic and phonon components, are compared with the experimental data.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig1_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig2_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig3_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig4_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig5_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig6_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig7_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig8_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig9_HTML.png)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1134%2FS2070048223030110/MediaObjects/12608_2023_4441_Fig10_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
A. V. Mazhukin, V. I. Mazhukin, and M. M. Demin, “Modeling of femtosecond laser ablation of Al film by laser pulses,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 257 (12), 5443–5446 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.11.154
R. Venkatasubramanian, E. Siivola, T. Colpitts, and B. O. Quinn, “Thin-film thermoelectric devices with high room-temperature figures of merit,” Nature 413, 597–602 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35098012
E. G. Gamaly, Femtosecond Laser-Matter Interaction: Theory, Experiments and Applications (Jenny Stanford, New York, 2011).
E. G. Gamaly, Femtosecond Laser-Matter Interactions: Solid-Plasma-Solid Transformations at the Extreme Energy Density, 2nd ed. (Jenny Stanford, Singapore, 2022).
G. M. Petrov, A. Davidson, D. Gordon, and J. Peñano, “Modeling of short-pulse laser-metal interactions in the Warm Dense Matter regime using the two-temperature model,” Phys. Rev. E 103 (3), 033204 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.103.033204
V. I. Mazhukin, M. M. Demin, A. V. Shapranov, and A. V. Mazhukin, “Role of electron pressure in the problem of femtosecond laser action on metals,” Appl. Surf. Sci. 530, 147227 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147227
M. I. Kaganov, I. M. Lifshitz, and L. V. Tanatarov, “Relaxation between electrons and the crystalline lattice,” Sov. Phys. JETP 4 (2), 173–178 (1957).
V. I. Mazhukin, “Kinetics and dynamics of phase transformations in metals under action of ultrashort high-power laser pulses,” in Laser Pulses – Theory, Technology, and Applications, Ed. by I. Peshko (IntechOpen, R-ijeka, Croatia, 2012), Chapter 8, pp. 219–276. https://doi.org/10.5772/50731
A. V. Mazhukin, O. N. Koroleva, V. I. Mazhukin, and A. V. Shapranov, “Continual and molecular dynamics approaches in determining thermal properties of silicon,” Proc. SPIE 10453, 104530Y (2017). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2271999
P. A. Loboda, N. A. Smirnov, A. A. Shadrin, and N. G. Karlykhanov, “Simulation of absorption of femtosecond laser pulses in solid-density copper,” High Energy Density Phys. 7 (4), 361–370 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hedp.2011.06.007
V. I. Mazhukin, O. N. Koroleva, A. V. Shapranov, M. M. Demin, and A. A. Aleksashkina, “Determination of thermal properties of gold in the region of melting–crystallization phase transition: Molecular dynamics approach,” Math. Models Comput. Simul. 14 (4), 662–676 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070048222040068
V. I. Mazhukin, M. M. Demin, and A. A. Aleksashkina, “Atomistic modeling of thermophysical properties of copper in the region of the melting point,” Math. Montis. XLI, 99–111 (2018).
D. P. Sellan, E. S. Landry, J. E. Turney, A. J. H. McGaughey, and C. H. Amon, “Size effects in molecular dynamics thermal conductivity predictions,” Phys. Rev. B 81 (21), 214305 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.214305
Y. Mishin, M. J. Mehl, D. A. Papaconstantopoulos, A. F. Voter, and J. D. Kress, “Structural stability and lattice defects in copper: Ab initio, tight-binding, and embedded-atom calculations,” Phys. Rev. B 63 (22), 224106 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.63.224106
N. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin, Solid State Physics (Saunders College, Philadelphia, 1976).
Yu. V. Martynenko and Yu. N. Yavlinskii, “Cooling of the electron gas of a metal at high temperatures,” Sov. Phys. Dokl. 28, 391–392 (1983).
D. V. Sivukhin, General Course of Physics. Vol. II: Thermodynamics and Molecular Physics (Fizmatlit, Moscow, 2005) [in Russian].
Physical Quantities: Handbook, Ed. by I. S. Grigoriev and E. Z. Melikhov (Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1991) [in Russian].
Z. Tong, S. Li, X. Ruan, and H. Bao, “Comprehensive first-principles analysis of phonon thermal conductivity and electron-phonon coupling in different metals,” Phys. Rev. B 100 (14), 144306 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.100.144306
L. Verlet, “Computer “experiments” on classical fluids. I. Thermodynamical properties of Lennard-Jones molecules,” Phys. Rev. 159 (1), 98–103 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.159.98
H. J. C. Berendsen, J. P. M. Postma, W. F. van Gunsteren, A. DiNola, and J. R. Haak, “Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath,” J. Chem. Phys. 81 (8), 3684–3690 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.448118
S. Plimpton, “Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics,” J. Comput. Phys. 117 (1), 1–19 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1006/jcph.1995.1039
L. Hu, W. J. Evans, and P. Keblinski, “One-dimensional phonon effects in direct molecular dynamics method for thermal conductivity determination,” J. Appl. Phys. 110 (11), 113511 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3660234
O. N. Koroleva, M. M. Demin, A. V. Mazhukin, and V. I. Mazhukin, “Modeling of electronic and phonon thermal conductivity of silicon in a wide temperature range,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1787, 012026 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1787/1/012026
A. A. Aleksashkina, M. M. Demin, and V. I. Mazhukin, “Molecular dynamic calculation of lattice thermal conductivity of gold in the melting-crystallization region,” Math. Montis. XLVI, 106–122 (2019). https://doi.org/10.20948/mathmontis-2019-46-9
A. A. Samarskii and A. V. Gulin, Numerical Methods (Nauka, Moscow, 1992) [in Russian].
Y. Wang, Z. Lu, and X. Ruan, “First principles calculation of lattice thermal conductivity of metals considering phonon-phonon and phonon-electron scattering,” J. Appl. Phys. 119 (22), 225109 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4953366
M. W. Chase, Jr., C. A. Davies, J. R. Downey, Jr., D. J. Frurip, R. A. McDonald, and A. N. Syverud (Eds.), “JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third edition,” J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 14 (Suppl. 1), 1–1856 (1985).
V. E. Zinov’ev, Thermophysical Properties of Metals at High Temperatures (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1989) [in Russian].
Funding
The work was supported by Russian Science Foundation, project no. 18-11-00318.
The results were obtained using the equipment of Shared Resource Center of the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (http://ckp.kiam.ru).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mazhukin, V.I., Koroleva, O.N., Demin, M.M. et al. Nonequilibrium Characteristics of Heat Transfer of Copper in a Wide Temperature Range. Math Models Comput Simul 15, 415–426 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070048223030110
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070048223030110