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Prospects of Observing Gamma-Ray Bursts with Orbital Detectors of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays

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Abstract

TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up), the first orbital telescope of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), has demonstrated that instruments of this kind have much broader capabilities and can also detect various transient luminous events, meteors, anthropogenic glow and other processes taking place in Earth atmosphere in the UV frequency range. In this short paper, we address the question whether an orbital detector of UHECRs can also register gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) via the fluorescent glow of irradiated nocturnal atmosphere. We analyse the latest Fermi GBM catalog of GRBs and properties of several active and perspective instruments. The study reveals that even an avanced detector with parameters of an optical system similar to that of the KLYPVE-EUSO (K-EUSO) or POEMMA telescopes and an appropriate trigger tuned to register events that evolve much slower than an extensive air shower, has very modest capabilities in this respect and will be able to observe only a few GRBs per year of operation.

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Notes

  1. The latter opportunity was kindly pointed out by Toshikazu Ebisuzaki (RIKEN).

  2. The TUS telescope did not have side shields, so that a trigger could be caused by an illumination of the mirror by a flash located far from the field of view, resulting in a signal over the whole focal surface. This situation is excluded in the future detectors, see below.

  3. In general case, one should include an impact of the signal in the denominator of the formula for the SNR. In our case, \({{N}_{s}} \ll {{\mathcal{R}}_{b}}{{t}_{{{\text{GRB}}}}}\) so that we can omit this term.

  4. Fermi GBM operates in the 8 keV–40 MeV energy range because prompt emission of a “typical” GRB peaks at energies \(O\)(100) keV.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank the anonymous referee for numerous insightful comments that allowed us to clarify some important issues in the text. We also thank Mario Bertaina for a valuable comment, and Alexander Belov and Pavel Klimov for helpful discussions of the design of K-EUSO and Mini-EUSO. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors acknowledge support of the Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School of Moscow University “Fundamental and Applied Space Research”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    M. S. Pshirkov

  2. Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    M. S. Pshirkov

  3. Lebedev Physical Institute, Pushchino Radio Astronomy Observatory, Pushchino, Russia

    M. S. Pshirkov

  4. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    M. Yu. Zotov

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  1. M. S. Pshirkov
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Correspondence to M. S. Pshirkov or M. Yu. Zotov.

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Pshirkov, M.S., Zotov, M.Y. Prospects of Observing Gamma-Ray Bursts with Orbital Detectors of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays. Astron. Rep. 65, 269–274 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063772921040041

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