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Are There Restrictions Related to the Presence of Land Plants for Reconstructing Rivers of Different Categories?

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Abstract

The article analyzes the distribution of datapoints of individual and averaged mudstones samples from almost 40 sedimentary successions of the Neoproterozoic–Ordovician (epoch lacking land plants) and the Devonian–Holocene (time of the appearance and abundance of land plants—“green epoch”) in the (La/Yb)N–Eu/Eu*, (La/Yb)N–(Eu/Sm)N, and (La/Yb)N–Th diagrams with classification fields of the silty–pelitic particulate matter in the estuary of different-category modern rivers. No fundamental differences between the “green epoch” and pre-Silurian rivers were revealed. In combination with other data, the above fact suggests the following conclusion: since the terrestrial vegetation is absent (and not only in the Neoproterozoic–Ordovician), the categories of rivers, which drained different (in area and composition) catchment areas and transported the fine-grained particulate material to the shelf zones were not fundamentally different from those at present.

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Notes

  1. Hereinafter, symbol “N” designates the chondrite-normalized REE concentration (Taylor and McLennan, 1985).

  2. River category: (1) large rivers (>100 000 km2) characterized by intricate water catchment areas; (2) rivers draining the mixed/sedimentary rocks; (3) rivers fed by rock erosion products from “igneous/metamorphic” terrains; and (4) rivers draining the volcanic rock provenances.

  3. According to (Naugol’nykh, 2019), “…all essential prerequisites appeared in the Early Paleozoic (if not earlier) for the land colonization by higher plants, e.g., Volkhoviella primitiva”.

  4. We could not find the lithogeochemical data on mudstones of the Silurian sedimentary sequences in the available literature.

  5. (\({\text{F}}{{{\text{e}}}_{{\text{2}}}}{\text{O}}_{3}^{*}\)) total iron as Fe2O3.

  6. In the vast majority of previous publications, we used the data on bulk chemical analyses, in which the LOI values did not exceed 5 wt %. Accordingly, the proportion of carbonate components was small, and the SiO2 content did not differ significantly from the typical PAAS or other similar reference objects. However, when choosing analytical data for this publication, it turned out that many authors operate with the “natural” and not somehow recalculated values of compositions. Therefore, here, we also follow this approach.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are sincerely grateful to reviewers for the attentive reading of the manuscript, benevolent criticism, and suggestions for its improvement. We paid great attention to their proposals for improving the methodology of further research. Some efforts are presented in the final section of the present paper so that they could be taken into account by researchers who may later continue our work in this field. We are also grateful to N.S. Glushkova for preparing illustrations for the paper.

Funding

This work was accomplished in accordance with State Tasks of the following institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Yekaterinburg (project no. AAAA18-118053090044-1) and Geological Institute, Moscow (project no. 0135-2019-0043).

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  1. Vonsovsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620110, Yekaterinburg, Russia

    A. V. Maslov & O. Yu. Melnichuk

  2. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    A. V. Maslov

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  1. A. V. Maslov
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  2. O. Yu. Melnichuk
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Maslov, A.V., Melnichuk, O.Y. Are There Restrictions Related to the Presence of Land Plants for Reconstructing Rivers of Different Categories?. Lithol Miner Resour 58, 60–83 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490223010054

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