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Mathematical Modeling for Extinguishing Forest Fires Using Water Capsules with a Thermoactive Shell

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Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics Aims and scope

Abstract

The article presents a new mathematical model for the process of extinguishing forest fires with dispersed water delivered to the fire site by water capsules in a thermoactive shell. When moving in a medium above the critical temperature, the capsule shell accumulates an integral amount of damage with an intensity proportional to the distance traveled and the excess of the temperature above critical. When the integral parameter reaches the value of the thermal stability coefficient of the shell, the shell breaks and releases water in dispersed form. When several capsules are dropped successively, each of them enters a medium the temperature of which is formed by the previous capsules. After calculating the distribution of dispersed water from the capsules, the dynamics of a forest fire is calculated based on a physicomathematical model. The article analyzes the key parameters and factors that determine the effectiveness of fire extinguishing. The dynamics of fire suppression have been studied depending on the number of capsules per unit length of the fire front, the values of the integral parameter of the thermal stability of the shell, and the volume of discharged water. The results of numerical simulation showed that, at a small value of the integral thermal stability parameter, the capsule shell ruptures at the level of the top of the forest canopy; therefore, the successful extinguishing of a fire requires successive discharge of a large number of capsules. Too high a value of the thermal stability coefficient leads to the rupture of the shells on the ground, and the drop** of capsules does not affect the burning in the upper part of the vegetation layer. The maximum success in extinguishing a forest fire is achieved when the thermoactive shell breaks in the middle height of the fire front. Successive discharge of capsules makes it possible to distribute water vertically, more fully cover the fire vulnerability zone, and thereby ensure greater effectiveness of firefighting.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

    L. Yu. Kataeva, M. N. Ilicheva & A. A. Loshchilov

  2. Samara State University of Transport, 443066, Samara, Russia

    L. Yu. Kataeva

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  1. L. Yu. Kataeva
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  2. M. N. Ilicheva
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  3. A. A. Loshchilov
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Correspondence to L. Yu. Kataeva, M. N. Ilicheva or A. A. Loshchilov.

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Translated by E. Chernokozhin

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Kataeva, L.Y., Ilicheva, M.N. & Loshchilov, A.A. Mathematical Modeling for Extinguishing Forest Fires Using Water Capsules with a Thermoactive Shell. J Appl Mech Tech Phy 63, 1227–1242 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021894422070069

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