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Pathways of formation of the fauna of the Solovetsky Archipelago, the White Sea, Northwest Russia

  • Ecology and Zoogeography
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“… the matter is not who can get to the island but who can live on it.”

Yu.I. Chernov (1982: p. 36)

Abstract

The fauna of the Solovetsky Archipelago represents an extremely depleted and reduced variant of the continental northern boreal one. The level of its depletion roughly corresponds to the latitudinal shift by one or two biomes, that is, by the number of species it is comparable to the mainland concrete faunas of the forested or hypoarctic tundra. Only very few arctic species, let alone more southern (nemoral) faunal elements, occur on the archipelago. The compositions of the basic fauna groups and their dominant species are determined there by three main factors: a wide distribution of intrazonal ecosystems (coastal wastelands and grasslands, birch sparse forests, peat bogs), limited living space, and extreme climatic conditions. Among the dominants are eurytopic polyzonal and, to a lesser degree, hypoarctic species. The isolation of the Solovetsky Islands is no significant barrier to the dispersal of numerous animal species, but these islands form a highly specific environment that strongly prevents the invasion of new species lacking relevant preadaptations to the local habitat and climatic conditions. The effect of “density compensation” of lower taxonomic diversity is revealed on the archipelago in many taxa, the range of abundant species being able to vary considerably in time depending on the climatic conditions. The Solovetsky Islands’ fauna is continental by origin, having been mainly formed in the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene (∼9–10 ka before the present).

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  1. Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia

    I. N. Bolotov

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Original Russian Text © I.N. Bolotov, 2014, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2014, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp. 129–144.

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Bolotov, I.N. Pathways of formation of the fauna of the Solovetsky Archipelago, the White Sea, Northwest Russia. Entmol. Rev. 94, 562–578 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873814040095

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