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Lysine-40 succinylation of TAGLN2 induces glioma angiogenesis and tumor growth through regulating TMSB4X

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Abstract

Protein lysine succinylation (Ksucc) represents an important regulatory mechanism of tumor development. In this work, the difference of protein Ksucc between HCMEC/D3 co-cultured with U87 (glioma endothelia cells, GEC) and without U87 (normal endothelia cells, NEC) was investigated using TMT labeling and affinity enrichment followed by high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis. Interestingly, TAGLN2 was highly succinylated at K40 in GEC (15.36 folds vs. NEC). Compared to the Vector group, TAGLN2WT and a succinylation-mimetic TAGLN2K40E greatly promoted the angiogenesis of glioma in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the adhesion and metastasis of U87 co-cultured with GEC in the TAGLN2WT or TAGLN2K40E group were also significantly promoted. This was consistent with the increased expression of VE-cadherin and actin cytoskeleton remodeling induced by TAGLN2 K40succ in GEC. In addition, high K40succ of TAGLN2 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with glioma. Overexpression of TAGLN2K40E also markedly promoted the proliferation and migration of glioma cells, further analysis of in vivo xenograft tumors showed that there was a significant decrease in tumor size and angiogenesis in the TAGLN2K40R group. Notably, the co-localization of TMSB4X and TAGLN2 mainly in the nucleus and cytoplasm of glioma cells was detected by immunofluorescence staining. We identified TMSB4X as a potential target of TAGLN2, which was proved to interact with TAGLN2WT rather than TAGLN2K40A. And the inhibition of TMSB4X could markedly attenuate the proliferation and migration of glioma cells induced by TAGLN2 K40succ. The results revealed K40succ of TAGLN2 could be a novelty diagnosis and therapeutic target for gliomas.

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Fig. 1: Upregulation of lysine succinylation on TAGLN2 protein is confirmed.
Fig. 2: K40succ of TAGLN2 in GECs promoted glioma angiogenesis in vitro.
Fig. 3: K40succ of TAGLN2 destroyed the integrity of GECs in vitro.
Fig. 4: K40succ of TAGLN2 in U87 promoted the glioma biological behavior in vitro.
Fig. 5: Desuccinylation of TAGLN2 in glioma cells can inhibit glioma growth and angiogenesis in vivo.
Fig. 6: K40succ of TAGLN2 in U87 promoted the proliferation and migration via interacting with TMSB4X.

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Data availability

Quantitative analysis of global proteome in HCMEC/D3 and proteomic quantification of lysine succinylation in human project accession: PXD005001. All other data supporting the findings of this study and the experimental materials generated in this study are available from the corresponding authors upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank PTM Biolabs (Hangzhou, China) for help and support in the Proteomic Quantification of Lysine Succinylation. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82072793 and No. 81773289); the Natural Science Foundation for Liaoning Province (No. 2021-MS-213).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: **aoyi Zhang, ** Han.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, P. R. China

    **aoyi Zhang, ** Han, Jiahong Wang, Hong Zhang, Cai Zhang, Jialing Bai, Hailan Huang & Yanting Gu

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, P. R. China

    Di fan & **angdan Lin

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Contributions

Y.G. conceived and designed the research. X.Z. and J.H. performed the experiments and acquired data; D.F., X.L., C.Z., J.B., H.H., H.Z., and J.W. helped acquire data; X.Z. and J.H. analyzed the data; X.Z. and J.H. wrote the manuscript; Y.G. edited the paper and obtained funding. All authors revised the paper and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Yanting Gu.

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Animal procedures were approved via the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and were processed in accordance with the guideline of the Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Institutes of Health. The use of the clinical samples was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command and carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Zhang, X., Han, J., fan, D. et al. Lysine-40 succinylation of TAGLN2 induces glioma angiogenesis and tumor growth through regulating TMSB4X. Cancer Gene Ther 30, 172–181 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41417-022-00534-6

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