Abstract
This article is a slightly up-dated version of the presidential address to the Australian Society of Immunologists given by Sir Macfarlane Burnet in December 1967. He suggests that the mammalian immune system could have evolved from the haemocyte or primitive mobile cell of the invertebrate.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jerne, N. K., Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., 32 (in the press).
Burnet, F. M., Austral. J. Sci., 20, 67 (1957).
Burnet, F. M., The Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity (Cambridge and Vanderbilt University Presses, 1959).
Burnet, F. M., Nature, 203, 451 (1964).
Burnet, F. M., Biological Aspects of Infectious Diseases, first ed. (Cambridge University Press, 1940).
Salt, G., Parasitology, 53, 527 (1963).
Tripp, M. R., J. Parasitol., 47, 745 (1961).
Cushing, J. E., Calaprice, N. L., and Trump, G., Biol. Bull., 125, 69 (1963).
Uhlenbruck, G., Kim, Z., and Prokop, O., Nature, 213, 76 (1967).
Hildeman, W. H., and Owen, R. D., Transplant. Bull., 3, 132 (1956).
Thomas, L., in Cellular and Humoral Aspects of the Hypersensitive State (edit. by Lawrence, H. S.), 529 (Hoeber, New York, 1959).
Uhr, J. W., Physiol. Rev., 46, 359 (1966).
Humphrey, J. H., Brit. Med. Bull., 23, 93 (1967).
Turk, J. L., and Heather, C. J., Intern. Arch. Allergy, 27, 199 (1965).
Parrott, D. M. V., de Sousa, M. A. B., and East, J., J. Exp. Med., 123, 191 (1966).
Oort, J., and Turk, J. L., Brit. J. Exp. Pathol., 46, 147 (1965).
Lawrence, H. S., J. Clin. Invest., 34, 219 (1955).
Lawrence, H. S., in Cellular and Humoral Aspects of the Hypersensitive State (edit. by Lawrence, H. S.), 279 (Hoeber, New York, 1959).
Rothman, U., and Lidén, S., Nature, 208, 389 (1965).
Burnet, M., Brit. Med. J., ii, 807 (1962).
Ada, G. L., Nossal, G. J. V., and Pyre, J., Austral. J. Exp. Biol., 42, 295 (1964).
Glick, B., Chang, T. S., and Jaap, R. G., Poultry Sci., 35, 224 (1956).
Good, R. A., and Papermaster, B. W., Adv. Immunol., 4, 1 (1964).
Warner, N. L., and Szenberg, A., Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 18, 253 (1964).
Moore, M. A. S., and Owen, J. J. T., Develop. Biol., 14, 40 (1966).
Cooper, M. D., Peterson, R. D. A., South, M. A., and Good, R. A., J. Exp. Med., 123, 75 (1966).
Good, R. A., Cooper, M. D., Peterson, R. D. A., Hoyer, J. R., and Gabrielsen, A. E., in Germinal Centres in Immune Responses (edit. by Cottier, H.), 386 (Springer, Berlin, 1967).
Miller, J. F. A. P., and Mitchell, G. F., Nature, 216, 659 (1967).
Mitchell, G. F., and Miller, J. F. A. P., Proc. US Nat. Acad. Sci. (in the press).
Cross, A. M., Leuchars, E., and Miller, J. F. A. P., J. Exp. Med., 119, 837 (1964).
Davies, A. J. S., Leuchars, E., Wallis, V., Marchant, R., and Elliott, E. V., Transplantation, 5, 222 (1967).
Dutton, R. W., and Harris, G., Fed. Proc., 22, 266 (1963).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
BURNET, F. Evolution of the Immune Process in Vertebrates. Nature 218, 426–430 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1038/218426a0
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/218426a0
- Springer Nature Limited
This article is cited by
-
Lymphoid tissue inducer cells: bridges between the ancient innate and the modern adaptive immune systems
Mucosal Immunology (2009)
-
Selection, memory and selective memories: T cells, B cells and Sir Mac 1968
Immunology & Cell Biology (2008)
-
Improving the reliability of real-time embedded systems using innate immune techniques
Evolutionary Intelligence (2008)
-
Invertebrates can tell us something about senescence
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (1994)
-
Invertebrate immunology: Phylogenetic, ecotoxicological and biomedical implications
Comparative Haematology International (1991)