Log in

Assessment of Panic Frequency: Reliability and Validity of a Time-Line Follow-Back Method

  • Published:
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of a Panic Attack Frequency Calendar (PAFC), modeled after a time-line follow-back (TLFB) procedure (e.g., Sobell & Sobell, 1979). The latter has been used for years to reliably and validly assess daily alcohol use through self-report over extended periods of time. Seventy-four adult individuals (ages 18–57) who had experienced a panic attack within the past 2 weeks completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, including retrospective frequency measures, and were administered an 8-week PAFC initially and a 10-week PAFC 2 weeks later. Half the participants self-monitored their panic attacks in a diary. The PAFC showed high stability over 2 weeks across several panic behavior variables. The PAFC was also shown to be a valid instrument in assessing panic frequency when compared with panic data obtained from the diary and the retrospective frequency measure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, D. H., &; Cerny, J. A. (1988). Psychological treatment of panic. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, D. H., Craske, M. G., Cerny, J. A., &; Klosko, J. S. (1989). Behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 20, 261–282.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., &; Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck, J. G., &; Zebb, B. J. (1994). Behavioral assessment and treatment of panic disorder: Current status, future directions. Behavior Therapy, 25, 581–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. A., DiNardo, P. A., &; Barlow, D. H. (1994). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. Albany, New York: Graywind Publications, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Bright, P., &; Gallagher, R. (1984). Assessment of fear in agoraphobics: The body sensation questionnaire and the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 1090–1097.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambless, D. L., Caputo, G. C., Jasin, S. E., Gracely, E. J., &; Williams, C. (1985). The mobility inventory for agoraphobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 35–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clum, G. A., Broyles, S., Borden, R. J., &; Watkins, P. L. (1990). Validity and reliability of the panic attack symptoms and cognitions questionnaires. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 12, 233–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cote, G., Gauthier, J. G., Laberge, B., Cormier, H. J., &; Plamondon, J. (1994). Reduced therapist contact in the cognitive behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 25, 123–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Beurs, E., Garssen, B., Buikhuisen, M., Lange, A., van Balkom, A., &; Van Dyck, R. (1994). Continuous monitoring of panic. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 38–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Beurs, E., Lange, A., &; Van Dyck, R. (1992). Self-monitoring of panic attacks and retrospective estimates of panic: Discordant findings. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 411–413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, R. A., &; Clum, G. A. (1995). Self-help plus minimal therapist contact in the treatment of panic disorder: A replication and extension. Behavior Therapy, 26, 533–546.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margraf, J., Taylor, C. B., Ehlers, A., Roth, W. T., &; Agras, W. T. (1987). Panic attacks in the natural environment. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 175, 558–565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rapee, R. M., Craske, M. G., &; Barlow, D. H. (1990). Subject-described features of panic attacks using self-monitoring. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 4, 171–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reiss, S., Peterson, R. A., Gursky, D. M., &; McNally, R. J. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24, 1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobell, L. C., &; Sobell, M. B. (1979). Validity of self-reports in three populations of alcoholics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 901–907.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobell, L. C., &; Sobell, M. B. (1992). Time-line follow-back: A technique for assessing self-reported alcohol consumption. In R. Z. Litten &; J. P. Allen (Eds.), Measuring alcohol consumption: Psychosocial and biochemical methods (pp. 41–72). Totowa, NJ: Humana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobell, M. B., Maisto, S. A., Sobell, L. C., Cooper, A. M., Cooper, T. C., &; Sanders, B. (1980). Develo** a prototype for evaluating alcohol treatment effectiveness. In L. C. Sobell, M. B. Sobell, &; E. Ward (Eds.), Evaluating alcohol and drug abuse treatment effectiveness: Recent advances. New York, NY: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., &; Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to George A. Clum.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nelson, W.A., Clum, G.A. Assessment of Panic Frequency: Reliability and Validity of a Time-Line Follow-Back Method. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 24, 47–54 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014053224844

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014053224844

Navigation