Abstract
Sarcoma is a complex and heterogeneous cancer that has been difficult to study in vitro. While two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and mouse models have been the dominant research tools, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems such as organoids have emerged as promising alternatives. In this review, we discuss recent developments in sarcoma organoid culture, with a focus on their potential as tools for drug screening and biobanking. We also highlight the ways in which sarcoma organoids have been used to investigate the mechanisms of gene regulation, drug resistance, metastasis, and immune interactions. Sarcoma organoids have shown to retain characteristics of in vivo biology within an in vitro system, making them a more representative model for sarcoma research. Our review suggests that sarcoma organoids offer a potential path forward for translational research in this field and may provide a platform for develo** personalized therapies for sarcoma patients.
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Code Availability
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Abbreviations
- 3D:
-
Three-dimensional
- 2D:
-
Two-dimensional
- OS:
-
Osteosarcoma
- TME:
-
Tumor microenvironment
- PDX:
-
Patient-derived xenografts
- PDO:
-
Patient-derived organoid
- STS:
-
Soft tissue sarcomas
- ICB:
-
Immune checkpoint blockade
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This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81902745, 82172500, 82103228, 82272664), Hunan Provincial Research and Development Program in Key Areas (2020DK2003).
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ZHL and XLR contributed to the conception and made final approval of the version, RLX performed the study concept and design and wrote the manuscript. RQC, TC, XFG, ZYL and LM helped with data analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Xu, R., Chen, R., Tu, C. et al. 3D Models of Sarcomas: The Next-generation Tool for Personalized Medicine. Phenomics 4, 171–186 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43657-023-00111-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43657-023-00111-3