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Photostability and photodynamic antimicrobial profile of dye extracts from four (4) plants: prospects for eco-friendly low-cost food disinfection and topical biomedical applications

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Abstract

In this study, photostability and photodynamic antimicrobial performance of dye extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) calyces, Sorghum bicolor (SB) leaf sheaths, Lawsonia inermis (LI) leaves and Curcuma longa (CL) roots were investigated in Acetate-HCl (AH) Buffer (pH 4.6), Tris Base-HCl (TBH) Buffer (pH 8.6), distilled water (dH2O), and Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS, pH 7.2) using Bacillus subtilis as model for gram positive bacteria, Escherichia coli as model for gram negative bacteria, phage MS2 as model for non-envelope viruses and phage phi6 as model for envelope viruses including SARS CoV-2 which is the causative agent of COVID-19. Our results showed that the photostability of the dye extracts is in the decreasing order of LI > CL > SB > HS. The dye extract-HS is photostable in dH2O but bleaches in buffers—AH, TBH and PBS. The rate of bleaching is higher in AH compared to in TBH and PBS. The bleaching and buffers affected the photodynamic and non-photodynamic antimicrobial activity of the dye extracts. The photodynamic antibacterial activity of the dye extracts is in the decreasing order of CL > HS > LI > SB while the non-photodynamic antibacterial activity is in the decreasing order of LI > CL > HS > SB. The non-photodynamic antiviral activity pattern observed is the same as that of non-photodynamic antibacterial activity observed. However, the photodynamic antiviral activity of the dye extracts is in the decreasing order of CL > LI > HS > SB. Given their performance, the dye extracts maybe mostly suitable for environmental applications including fresh produce and food disinfection, sanitation of hands and contact surfaces where water can serve as diluent for the extracts and the microenvironment is free of salts.

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Data Availability

The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information files. Should any raw data files be needed in another format they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by International Foundation for Science (IFS) and Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) grant I3-E-6583-1 to Hussaini Majiya.

Funding

This study was funded by International Foundation for Science (IFS), Stockholm, Sweden, and Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) I3-E-6583-1, Hussaini Mohammed Majiya.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, KM3 Lapai-Minna Road, P.M.B 11, Lapai, Nigeria

    Hussaini Majiya

  2. Center for Applied Sciences and Technology Research, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

    Hussaini Majiya

  3. Trans-Saharan Disease Research Center, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

    Hussaini Majiya

  4. Department of Medicinal Plant Research and Traditional Medicine, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria

    Aliyu Adamu

  5. Faculty of Chemistry, Center for Nanointegration Duisburg‑Essen and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany

    Anzhela Galstyan

Authors
  1. Hussaini Majiya
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Contributions

Hussaini Majiya: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Funding acquisition. Aliyu Adamu: Formal analysis, Data curation, Writing—review and editing. Anzhela Galstyan: Data curation, Writing—review and editing. Ethical consideration Ethics approval was not required for this research.

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Correspondence to Hussaini Majiya.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Majiya, H., Adamu, A. & Galstyan, A. Photostability and photodynamic antimicrobial profile of dye extracts from four (4) plants: prospects for eco-friendly low-cost food disinfection and topical biomedical applications. Photochem Photobiol Sci 23, 1179–1194 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43630-024-00585-8

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