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The Effects of Short-Term Resistance Training and Subsequent Detraining on Neuromuscular Function, Muscle Cross-Sectional Area, and Lean Mass

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Abstract

Purpose

To examine and compare the effects of three days of dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) and isokinetic (ISOK) training and subsequent detraining on thigh muscle cross-sectional area (TMCSA) and thigh lean mass (TLM), ISOK peak torque (PT), DCER strength, isometric force, muscle activation, and percent voluntary activation (%VA).

Methods

Thirty-one apparently-healthy untrained men (mean ± SD age = 22.2 ± 4.2 years; body mass = 77.9 ± 12.9 kg; height = 173.9 ± 5.4 cm) were randomly assigned to a DCER training group (n = 11), ISOK training group (n = 10) or control (CONT) group (n = 10). Subjects visited the laboratory eight times. The first visit was a familiarization session, the second visit was a pre-training assessment, the subsequent three visits were for unilateral training of the quadriceps (if assigned to a training group), and the last three visits were the post-training assessments conducted at three days, one week, and two weeks after training ended.

Results

DCER strength increased from pre- to post-training assessment 1 in both limbs for the DCER group only, and remained elevated during post-training assessments 2 and 3 (P < 0.05). In addition, surface EMG for the biceps femoris was higher at post-training assessment 3 than at the pre-training assessment, and post-training assessments 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). No other training-related changes were found.

Conclusion

The primary finding of this study was that DCER strength of the trained and untrained limbs can be increased with three days of training. This has important implications for injury rehabilitation, where in the initial period post-injury strength gains on an injured limb can possibly be obtained with short-term contralateral resistance training.

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Code availability

Software used are either widely available, or custom-written.

Abbreviations

BF%:

Body fat %

BM:

Body mass

CSA:

Muscle cross-sectional area

DCER:

Dynamic constant external resistance

DXA:

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

EMG:

Electromyography

ISOK:

Isokinetic

MMG:

Mechanomyography

MVC:

Maximum voluntary contraction

PT:

Peak torque

TF%:

Thigh fat %

TLM:

Thigh lean mass

TMCSA:

Thigh muscle cross-sectional area

RPE:

Rating of perceived exertion

%VA:

Percent voluntary activation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA

    Pablo B. Costa

  2. Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

    Trent J. Herda & Ashley A. Herda

  3. College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA

    Joel T. Cramer

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Contributions

PC and JC conceived and designed the research. PC and AH conducted experiments. TH wrote the analyses programs and contributed to data analyses. PC and JC analyzed and interpreted the data. PC wrote the manuscript and all authors contributed to editing and proofreading. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Pablo B. Costa.

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Costa, P.B., Herda, T.J., Herda, A.A. et al. The Effects of Short-Term Resistance Training and Subsequent Detraining on Neuromuscular Function, Muscle Cross-Sectional Area, and Lean Mass. J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE 4, 237–254 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42978-021-00148-8

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