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Particle packing models to determine time-dependent slip flow properties of highly filled polyurethane-based propellant

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Abstract

Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) is a reliable binder to build a strong polyurethane network for materials with more than 85 wt% of fillers, such as composite solid propellant (CSP), a fuel for space launch vehicles. However, a careful composition design is still challenging as high filler contents intricate the process, and it is responsible for both the perfection of a solid structure of CSP and the safety of the vehicle. The PU-based liquid contents (LC) CSP consists of HTPB, diisocyanate compound, amine compound, and plasticiser. The fillers include aluminium and ammonium perchlorate particles. The tendency of aluminium to agglomerate in PU-based LC and to be dispersed in the plasticiser, combined with the formation of a polyurethane network, causes time-dependency in viscosity of the CSP slurry. Thus, models to predict initial viscosity and minimum viscosity are highly demanded. In this work, particle packing models for both types of viscosity are proposed considering the wall slip phenomenon and the nature of the constituents. The models were tested on CSP slurry with 87.5–90 wt% fillers, including 15–20 wt% micro-aluminium. Based on viscosity measurements, high correlation levels (r = 0.7–0.99) were found in the correlation between particle packing parameters and the viscosities. This convinces the reliability of the models for predicting the initial and minimum viscosities of CSP. Moreover, phenomena revealed by a deep analysis of the start-up of shear flow, such as increasing shear modulus and residual stress with increasing particle packing parameters and the existence of positive and negative thixotropic behaviours, can be clearly explained by the models.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the RISPRO-LPDP Competitive Research Program KEP-27/LPDP/2020 and National Agency for Research and Innovation (BRIN) for funding the research.

Funding

This research was funded by RISPRO-LPDP Competitive Research Program Batch-II with contract No. 082.01.06.3534.001.002.053A.524119 and Skep-27/LPDP/2020. It is also funded by Research Organization for Aeronautics and Space, National Agency for Research and Innovation (BRIN), with research funding No. B-4/III/PN/1/2022.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia

    Afni Restasari

  2. Research Organization for Aeronautics and Space, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor Regency, Indonesia

    Luthfia Hajar Abdillah, Retno Ardianingsih, Bayu Prianto, Anita Pinalia, Hamonangan R. D. Sitompul, Effendi Dodi Arisandi, Rika Suwana Budi, Heri Budi Wibowo & Kendra Hartaya

  3. Research Center for Remote Sensing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), East Jakarta, Indonesia

    Kurdianto

  4. Faculty of Engineering, University of Nurul Jadid, Probolinggo, Indonesia

    Hasan al Rasyid

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  1. Afni Restasari
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Contributions

Conceptualisation, methodology, and writing—original draft: AR; Investigation and validation: AR, LHA, RA, RSB, HRDS; Visualisation, writing—review and editing: AR, LHA, RA, BP, AP, K, EDA, HR; Funding acquisition, resources and project administration: HBW and KH; Supervision: HBW.

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Correspondence to Afni Restasari.

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Restasari, A., Abdillah, L.H., Ardianingsih, R. et al. Particle packing models to determine time-dependent slip flow properties of highly filled polyurethane-based propellant. J Rubber Res 25, 157–170 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-022-00166-3

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