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Design and Theoretical Research on Aerial-Aquatic Vehicles: A Review

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Abstract

With the rapid development of unmanned aerial and underwater vehicles, various tasks, such as biodiversity monitoring, surveying, and map**, as well as, search and rescue can now be completed in a single medium, either underwater or in the air. By systematically examining the water–air cross-medium locomotion of organisms, there has been growing interest in the development of aerial-aquatic vehicles. The goal of this review is to provide a detailed outline of the design and cross-medium theoretical research of the existing aerial-aquatic vehicles based on the research on the organisms capable of transiting between water and air. Although these designs and theoretical frameworks have been validated in many aerial-aquatic vehicles, there are still many problems that need to be addressed, such as inflexible underwater motion and unstable medium conversion. As a result, supplementation of the existing cross-medium biomimetic research, vehicle design, power selection, and cross-medium theory is urgently required to optimize the key technologies in detail. Therefore, by summarizing the existing designs and theoretical approaches on aerial-aquatic vehicles, including biomimetic research on water–air cross-medium locomotion in nature, different power selections, and cross-medium theoretical research, the relative problems and development trends on aerial-aquatic vehicles were thoroughly explored, providing significant help for the subsequent research process.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures and National Natural Science Foundation of China grant nos. 51875281711 and 51861135306.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lab of Locomotion Bioinspiration and Intelligent Robots, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nan**g University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nan**g, 210016, China

    Yi Sun, Xuefei Liu, Kai Cao, Huan Shen, Qian Li, Guangming Chen, Jiajun Xu & Aihong Ji

  2. State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nan**g University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nan**g, 210016, China

    Yi Sun & Aihong Ji

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  1. Yi Sun
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  4. Huan Shen
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Sun, Y., Liu, X., Cao, K. et al. Design and Theoretical Research on Aerial-Aquatic Vehicles: A Review. J Bionic Eng 20, 2512–2541 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42235-023-00418-x

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