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Electrochemically synthesized Tin micro-nanometer powders for visible light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye from polluted water

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Abstract

Tin (Sn) micro-nanoparticles with special pine tree dendritic morphology were synthesized by using tin foil as the anode and titanium as the cathode through simple anodization method. Surprisingly, it is found that the morphology of Sn particles is closely related to factors such as the type of electrolyte, the concentration of the electrolyte, and the different applied voltages, and briefly discussed the influence of various factors on the growth of Sn particles. In addition, Sn particles are calcined under different temperature conditions to obtain Sn/SnO2 hybrid materials with different tin dioxide (SnO2) contents. The changes in morphology and the phase of SnO2 crystal lattices were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively, which proved the successful synthesis of Sn/SnO2 mixed materials. Finally, the Sn/SnO2 hybrid material with metal-doped modified semiconductor properties was used to photocatalytic degradation of simulated organic pollutants rhodamine B (RhB). It was found that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the Sn/SnO2 hybrid material under simulated sunlight conditions is near 90% in 5 h. Therefore, this work provides a convenient and effective environmental protection approach for the treatment of architecture and industrial dyes.

Graphical Abstract

Tin (Sn) micro-nanoparticles with special pine tree dendritic morphology are synthesized through simple anodization method, and the final product Sn/SnO2 particles after different heat treatments show superior photocatalytic degradation of RhB under simulated solar light.

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Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article. Raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University, Saudi Arabia for supporting this work through project number (TU-DSPP-2024-01).

Funding

The research was funded by Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia (TU-DSPP-2024-01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, 476000, China

    Yukun Lu, Jiale Zhang & Zhaoyang Li

  2. College of Chemical Engineering, Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos, 017000, China

    Yaojie Zhang

  3. College of Chemistry and Materials, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China

    Feiyang Hu

  4. Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

    Duo Pan

  5. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia

    Saad Melhi

  6. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, **’an, 710072, China

    Xuetao Shi

  7. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammed A. Amin

  8. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr CityCairo, 11884, Egypt

    Zeinhom M. El-Bahy

  9. College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China

    Qian Shao

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Contributions

Yukun Lu prepared the materials and conducted most of the measurements and data analysis. Yaojie Zhang and Jiale Zhang contributed to the data analysis. Zhaoyang Li, Feiyang Hu and Duo Pan conceived the idea, wrote the paper, and coordinated the overall project. Saad Melhi and Xuetao Shi revised the paper. Mohammed A. Amin provided supervision and resources. Zeinhom M. El-Bahy reviewed and revised the manuscript. Qian Shao revised the manuscript and coordinated the overall project. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Zhaoyang Li, Feiyang Hu or Duo Pan.

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Lu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J. et al. Electrochemically synthesized Tin micro-nanometer powders for visible light photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B dye from polluted water. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 7, 110 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-024-00921-7

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