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Effects of excess Si and Al on synthesis of Ti3SiC2 by self-sustaining combustion in the Ti-Si–C-Al system

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Abstract

Fabrication of Ti3SiC2 from elemental powder compacts was conducted by combustion synthesis in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Samples were formulated with three atomic ratios of Ti:Si:C = 3:1:2, Ti:Si:C = 3:1.2:2 (with excess Si by 20 mol.%), and Ti:Si:C:Al = 3:1.2:2:0.1 (a Si-rich and Al-added composition). Combustion reaction was highly exothermic and combustion wave velocity (from 4.1 to 8.8 mm/s) and temperature (from 1340 to 1610 °C) increased significantly with sample compact density varied in the range of 45% to 57.5% TMD (theoretical maximum density). In addition to the sample density, excess Si and a small amount of Al contributed greatly to the formation of Ti3SiC2. For the powder compacts of 57.5% TMD, the product synthesized from the sample of Ti:Si:C = 3:1:2 was composed of Ti3SiC2, TiC, and Ti5Si3 at 64 wt.%, 28 wt.%, and 8 wt.%, respectively. The sample with excess Si by 20 mol.% yielded a product with a weight proportion of Ti3SiC2:TiC:Ti5Si3 = 70:27:3. The product having the highest yield of Ti3SiC2 was obtained from the Si-rich/Al-added sample, which produced Ti3SiC of 83 wt.%, TiC of 13 wt.% and Ti5Si3 of 4 wt.%. As-synthesized Ti3SiC2 grains were in a thin plate-like shape with 0.5–1.5 µm in thickness and 5–10 µm in length. Ti3SiC2 platelets were stacked closely into a layered structure.

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Funding

This research was sponsored by the National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan under the grant of NSTC 110–2221-E-035–042-MY2.

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  1. Department of Aerospace and Systems Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan

    C. L. Yeh & K. L. Lai

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Yeh, C.L., Lai, K.L. Effects of excess Si and Al on synthesis of Ti3SiC2 by self-sustaining combustion in the Ti-Si–C-Al system. J Aust Ceram Soc (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-023-00947-y

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