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Daytime and Nighttime Sea Surface Temperature (SST) along with Diurnal Variability (D-SST) in the Northern Bay of Bengal: A Remote Sensing Approach

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Abstract

This study examined daytime and nighttime sea surface temperature (SST) and its diurnal variability (D-SST) in three regions of the northern Bay of Bengal (BoB) during 2000–2019 by using MODIS Terra satellite data. An increasing trend of SST was observed in the Bangladesh coast, outer coast, and offshore. The trend was ranged around 0.10–0.16 °C per decade during daytime and 0.18–0.27 °C per decade during nighttime. The increased SST in the study area may be attributed due to rapid industrialization and global warming. Monthly SST represented four successive phases, such as warming-cooling and warming-cooling, which started in February. Month wise SST concentrations varied from 29.74 °C to 23.32 °C during nighttime and 29.613 °C to 23.446 °C during daytime in the northern BoB. The comparative SST among three different stations showed that annual offshore SST was higher during daytime and lower during nighttime than the outer & Bangladesh coast. Annual daytime maximum and minimum SST were observed at 28.45 °C and 27.27 °C, respectively. During the nighttime, it was ranged from 28.33 °C to 27.05 °C. The presence of nearby landmass may be the factor behind the variation of SST during day and nighttime. About 65–80% of monthly D-SST and 70–80% of annual D-SST value was recorded below 0.3 °C in our study area. A significantly (p < 0.001) moderate correlation (r = 0.54) was found between the MODIS Terra satellite data and NODC in-situ data.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study will be made available on reasonable request.

Code Availability

The codes used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to APDRC (Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center) and Ocean Color NASA for the MODIS-Terra satellite data. For in-situ data, the authors have acknowledged the World Ocean Database (WOD) of the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) of NOAA.

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No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oceanography, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh

    Md Shahin Hossain Shuva & Mohammad Muslem Uddin

  2. Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh

    Md Rony Golder, Muhammad Abdur Rouf & Joyanta Bir

  3. Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, PiE-UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain

    Joyanta Bir

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  1. Md Shahin Hossain Shuva
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  4. Mohammad Muslem Uddin
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  5. Joyanta Bir
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Contributions

Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, writing original draft, Data curation, Validation:[Md. Shahin Hossain Shuva]; Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing original draft, Visualization, Validation: [Md Rony Golder]; Conceptualization, Reviewing and Editing: [Muhammad Abdur Rouf]; Reviewing and editing: [Mohammad Muslem Uddin]; Reviewing and Editing: [Joyanto Bir].

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Correspondence to Md Rony Golder.

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Shuva, M.S.H., Golder, M.R., Rouf, M.A. et al. Daytime and Nighttime Sea Surface Temperature (SST) along with Diurnal Variability (D-SST) in the Northern Bay of Bengal: A Remote Sensing Approach. Thalassas 38, 697–708 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41208-022-00406-8

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