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Intrinsically healing conducting polymer/hydrogel nanocomposite films and their novel volumetric channel for high-performance, flexible, and healable organic phototransistors

本征可修复的导电聚合物/水凝胶纳米复合薄膜及其 独特的体沟道用于实现高性能、柔性和可修复的有 机光电晶体管

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Abstract

The flexible organic phototransistors (OPTs) are crucial for next-generation wearable systems for applications where large mechanical deformation is involved. However, most of the reported OPTs utilizing the field-effect transistor (FET) architecture suffer from undesired mechanical flexibility and limited performance due to their interfacial charge transport and inherently low transconductance; moreover, their π-conjugated semiconductor polymers that serve as channels lack specific healing sites, making it difficult to intrinsically heal themselves. Herein, a more flexible and high-performance OPT with enhanced interfacial charge transport via novel volumetric channel and strong healing capability is developed for the first time. This OPT utilizes an organic electrochemical transistor architecture that consists of intrinsically healing conducting polymer/hydrogel composite films with three-dimensional volumetric channels. Such devices not only efficiently restore their mechanical and electrical performance in 100 ms after undergoing severe damage but also exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility without obviously degraded performance. More importantly, the self-healing OPTs exhibit high performance with a responsivity as high as 1.01 × 105 A W−1, detectivity of 1.75 × 1012 Jones, and high external quantum efficiency of 3.03 × 104%, higher than those of the majority of the reported FET-based OPTs. All of these results indicate that these novel and intrinsically self-healing OPTs with volumetric channels are ideal for use in next-generation wearable devices.

摘要

柔性有机光电晶体管(OPTs)在大机械形变的下一代可穿戴系统 中至关重要. 然而, 目前报道的大多数OPTs都是场效应基结构, 其界面 电荷传输和本征低跨导的特性限制了OPTs的机械柔性和光电性能的 发展. 此外, 沟道层的p共轭半导体聚合物也缺乏特殊的可修复位点, 使 其很难实现薄膜的自我修复功能. 本文报道了一个具有独特体沟道和 **修复功能的柔性高光电性能的OPTs. 该OPTs使用有机电化学晶体 管架构, 由3D体沟道的可修复导电聚合物/水凝胶复合薄膜组成. 该器 件不仅在遭受损伤后能够在100 ms内有效恢复其机械和电学性能, 同 时还展现出出色的机械柔性. 更重要的是, 该器件实现了紫外光波段的 高光测性能, 其中光响应度高达1.01 × 105 A W−1, 探测率达 1.01 × 105 A W−1, 外量子效率达3.03 × 104%. 结果表明, 具有独特体沟 道和本征可修复功能的OPTs在下一代可穿戴电子器件的使用中具有 潜在应用价值.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62304189 and 62304002), the Natural Science Foundation of **amen City (3502Z20227063), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2023J011450 and 2023J011452), the Key Technologies Innovation and Industrialization Projects of Fujian Province (2023XQ022), the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund for Cross-strait Scientific and Technological Cooperation (U2005212), and the Open Fund of **amen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metal and Materials of **amen University.

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  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, **amen University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Applications of Fujian Province, **amen Key Laboratory of High Performance Metals and Materials, **amen University, **amen, 361024, China

    Yujie Yan  (严育杰), **ao Han  (**笑), Weizhou Li  (**伟洲), Dongya Sun  (孙东亚), Yuechan Li  (**月婵), Yi Wang  (王义) & An **e  (谢安)

  2. Institute of Optoelectronic Display, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Flat Panel Display Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Yujie Yan  (严育杰) & Huipeng Chen  (陈惠鹏)

  3. Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tian** University, International Campus of Tian** University, Fuzhou, 350207, China

    **aoting Zhu  (朱晓婷)

  4. Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou, 350108, China

    Guocheng Zhang  (张国成)

  5. School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China

    **umei Wang  (汪秀梅)

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  1. Yujie Yan  (严育杰)
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  9. Yi Wang  (王义)
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  10. An **e  (谢安)
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Contributions

Author contributions Chen H and **e A conceived the project. Yan Y, Zhu X, Zhang G, and Wang X designed and performed the experiments and collected the data. Yan Y, Zhu X, Li W, Sun D, Li Y, and Han X analyzed and discusssed the data. Yan Y, Zhu X, Chen H, and **e A wrote and reviewed the paper. All authors contributed to the general discussion.. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yujie Yan  (严育杰), An **e  (谢安) or Huipeng Chen  (陈惠鹏).

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Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Supplementary information Supporting data are available in the online version of the paper.

Yujie Yan is now an associate professor at the School of Materials Science and Engineering, **amen University of Technology. He received his PhD degree from Fuzhou University in 2021. His research interest focuses on nanoscale optoelectronic devices including transistors, photodetectors, and electrochromic devices.

An **e is a full professor at the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, **amen University of Technology. He received his PhD degree from the Department of Rock and Mineral Material Science, China University Of Geosciences, Wuhan, in 2010. He worked as a deputy chief engineer and postdoctor at Fushun Optoelectronics Technology Limited Company. His research is focusing on the optoelectronic films and display materials.

Huipeng Chen got his PhD degree from Tufts University in 2009. Before joining the College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University in 2015, he worked as a postdoctoral fellow at Texas Tech University during 2009–2011 and the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 2011 to 2014. His research interest is the research of semiconductor materials and devices, including thin film transistors, memories, sensors, and neuromorphic electronic devices and systems.

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40843_2023_2794_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Intrinsically healing conducting polymer/hydrogel nanocomposite films and their novel volumetric channel for high-performance, flexible, and healable organic phototransistors

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Yan, Y., Zhu, X., Zhang, G. et al. Intrinsically healing conducting polymer/hydrogel nanocomposite films and their novel volumetric channel for high-performance, flexible, and healable organic phototransistors. Sci. China Mater. 67, 1491–1499 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2794-7

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