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Square meter lever and durable photocatalytic hydrogen production by manipulating the growth of a graphdiyne morphology S-scheme heterojunction

石墨炔基S型异质结构建及**米级光催化产氢

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Abstract

Graphdiyne is a promising photocatalytic material for solar energy conversion because of its high carrier mobility and ordered pore structure. In this work, a novel spherical graphdiyne (S-GDY) was prepared by crosscoupling and cleverly coupled with rod-like Mn0.2Cd0.8S to form an S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, which is applied for the first time in this field. As anticipated, the Mn0.2Cd0.8S/S-GDY heterojunction photocatalyst showed remarkable photocatalytic activity, exceeding the individual catalysts Mn0.2Cd0.8S and S-GDY by factors of 16.78 and 613.2, respectively. Moreover, it was successfully applied to hydrogen production on the square meter scale. The exceptional photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to the introduction of the unique morphology of graphdiyne and the formation of the S-scheme heterojunction. The formation of the S-scheme heterojunction and improvement of photocatalytic activity were revealed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, in-situ irradiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, electron paramagnetic resonance, and other basic characterization methods. This work offers insights into the preparation of morphologically tunable graphdiyne and the design and synthesis of efficient heterojunction photocatalysts.

摘要

石墨炔由于其高载流子迁移率和有序的孔隙结构被认为是一种 很有应用前景的光催化材料. 本研究通过交叉偶联合成了一种新型球 状石墨炔, 并与棒状Mn0.2Cd0.8 S耦合构建了S型异质结用于光催化析氢. 结果表明, Mn0.2Cd0.8 S/石墨炔异质结光催化剂表现出优异的光催化活 性, 产氢性能分别较Mn0.2Cd0.8 S和球形石墨炔单体催化剂提升了16.78 和613.2倍. 同时, 该催化剂应用于**米级规模产氢取得较好效果. 其优 异的光催化活性可归因于石墨炔的独特性能及S-scheme异质结的有效 构建. 通过紫外光电子能谱、原位辐射X射线光电子能谱、电子顺磁共 振能谱、密度泛函理论计算和其他表征技术探究了S-scheme异质结的 形成和光催化活性的增**. 该工作可为石墨炔的形貌可调性制备以及 高效异质结光催化剂的设计和合成提供新参考.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (2023AAC02046).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Solar Chemical Conversion Technology, Key Laboratory for Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, China

    Cheng Yang  (杨成), **aohong Li  (**小红) & Zhiliang **  (靳治良)

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  1. Cheng Yang  (杨成)
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  2. **aohong Li  (**小红)
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  3. Zhiliang **  (靳治良)
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Contributions

Author contributions Yang C designed the experiments; Yang C and Li X operated all the experiments; ** Z provided all the reagents and analysis tools; Yang C completed the writing of this paper.

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Correspondence to Zhiliang **  (靳治良).

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Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Additional information

Supplementary information Experimental details and supporting data are available in the online version of the paper.

Cheng Yang is currently pursuing an MS in ** Zhiliang’s research group at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University. His research focuses on the construction of semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts and their application in photocatalytic hydrogen production.

**aohong Li is currently pursuing an MS in ** Zhiliang’s research group at the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University. Her research focuses on the preparation of photocatalysts and their application in photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Zhiliang ** received his PhD in 2006 from Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy ofSciences. From 2006 to 2014, he worked at the State Key Laboratory of Carbonyl Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is currently a professor at the North Minzu University for nationalities. He is mainly engaged in the research on clean energy (photocatalytic hydrogen production), environmental chemical industry (catalytic elimination of environmental pollutants), and cultural heritage protection.

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40843_2023_2724_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Square meter lever and durable photocatalytic hydrogen production by manipulating the growth of a graphdiyne morphology S-scheme heterojunction

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Yang, C., Li, X. & **, Z. Square meter lever and durable photocatalytic hydrogen production by manipulating the growth of a graphdiyne morphology S-scheme heterojunction. Sci. China Mater. 67, 493–503 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-023-2724-0

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