Abstract
In this study, a novel Lepidium sativum seed powder (L-seed) was investigated for the adsorptive uptake of acid orange 142 dye. The different L-seed biosorbent samples were characterized via the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pHPZC approaches. The effect of the process variable on the process was investigated via batch adsorption mode. The FTIR measurement revealed the presence of functional groups necessary for dye uptake, while the surface micropores observed from the SEM micrographs were further confirmed from the pore size distribution result. The BET surface area, pore volume and average pore size of L-seed are estimated as 90.86 m2/g, 0.072 cm3/g and 1.93 nm, respectively. Batch adsorption investigations showed the following optimum process conditions: pH 4.0, 0.2 g/L adsorbent mass and time of 120 min. The experimental equilibrium and kinetic data were properly described by the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetics model, respectively. The thermodynamics studies confirmed the occurrence of external energy-driven adsorption. Therefore, the experimental results showed that the L-seed is an efficient and alternate low-cost biosorbent for acid orange 142 dye from aqueous media.
Highlights
• Powdered L. sativum seed was investigated for anionic dye removal.
• The polar functional groups play an important role during dye removal.
• The process obeys Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
• Optimum uptake was recorded in the acidic pH range (pH 2.0–4.0).
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Data Availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.
Abbreviations
- AT :
-
Temkin initial adsorption rate (mg (g min)−1)
- BD :
-
Mean sorption free energy E (kJ mol−1) per molecule of sorbate
- bT :
-
Temkin constant that is related to the adsorption heat (J mol−1),
- Ce :
-
Equilibrium acid orange 142 dye concentration (mg/L)
- Co :
-
Initial acid orange 142 dye concentration (mg/L)
- k1 :
-
Pseudo-first-order rate constant (min−1)
- k2 :
-
Pseudo-second-order rate constant (g.mg−1 min−1)
- KF :
-
Freundlich isotherm constant [(mg g−1) (L/mg)1/n]
- KL :
-
Langmuir constant (L g−1)
- nF :
-
Freundlich adsorption intensity
- qD :
-
D-R constant (mol g−1)
- qe :
-
Amount of adsorbate adsorbed per gram of adsorbent (mg g−1) at equilibrium
- qmax :
-
Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (mg g−1)
- qt :
-
Amount of adsorbate adsorbed per gram of adsorbent (mg g−1) at an instant
- R:
-
Universal gas constant (8.314 J K−1 mol−1)
- RL :
-
Langmuir’s dimensionless constant (separation factor)
- T:
-
Temperature (K)
- V:
-
Volume of acid orange 142 dye solution (0.1 L)
- W:
-
Mass of L-seed used (g)
- α:
-
Initial adsorption rate (mg. g−1 min−1)
- β:
-
Desorption constant (g.mg−1) during any experiment
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A. Hashem: Project administration, Supervision, Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – Original draft, Writing – Review and editing; Chukwunonso O. Aniagor: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – Original draft, Writing – Review and editing; S. Farag: Investigation, Formal analyses, Data curation; A. Abou-Okeil: Investigation, Formal analyses, Data curation; A.A. Aly: Investigation, Formal analyses, Data curation; A. Amr: Investigation, Formal analyses, Data curation.
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Hashem, A., Aniagor, C.O., Farag, S. et al. Lepidium sativum Seed Powder: A Novel Biosorbent for Acid Orange 142 Dye Uptake. Environ. Process. 9, 56 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-022-00607-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-022-00607-6