Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate dynamic slope stability induced by tunnel blast vibration with the help of a combination of geoelectrical techniques (e.g., vertical electrical sounding and electrical resistivity tomography), geotechnical methods (e.g., boreholes, Standard Penetration Test), and laboratory testing to characterize the subsurface conditions of a rock slope near residential houses in the Padalarang sub-district, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia, that is subjected to tunnel blast vibration. The slope is part of the mountain that will be excavated by a drill-and-blast method to provide a passageway for one of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway tunnels. A series of trial blasts have been carried out and blast vibrations have been recorded, resulting in the linear regressions of the peak vector sum (PVS) and peak particle acceleration (PPA). Based on the allowable charge weights per delay, the PPA regression was then used to predict the acceleration that would result from the tunnel blast. The predicted acceleration was then used to analyze the dynamic stability of the slope using the pseudo-static approach. The slope stability analysis shows that the slope has a dynamic factor of safety of 1.3–1.5, indicating that the slope will be stable after experiencing the vibration induced by the tunnel blast. The results of this study show that combining geoelectrical survey with geotechnical methods could help geotechnical engineers to understand the subsurface condition and its complexity, which play vital roles in assessing the stability of the slope, particularly the slope that is subjected to dynamic loading from a tunnel blast.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The measurement and analysis of geophysics data were done by Hermawan Phanjaya and Widodo, while the analysis and material of geotechnical data were supported by Simon Heru Prasetyo, Ganda Marihot Simangunsong, Made Astawa Rai, and Ridho Kresna Wattimena.
Code Availability
The 1D models of geoelectric data performed by own software (RESEP BANYU) and the 2D models of geoelectric data have proceed by Res2Dinv Software (Loke and Barker, 1996). Rocscience. Slide2-2D Limit Equilibrium Analysis for Slopes [Version 9.020]. Toronto: Rocscience Inc.; 2021.
Abbreviations
- ERT:
-
Electrical resistivity tomography
- VES:
-
Vertical electrical sounding
- SPT:
-
Standard Penetration Test
- N-SPT value:
-
Number of blows to penetrate 30 cm deep into a soil column
- SD:
-
Scaled distance
- R:
-
Absolute distance from the source to the monitoring point
- Qmax :
-
Maximum charge per delay
- PPV:
-
Peak particle velocity
- PPA:
-
Peak particle acceleration
- PVS:
-
Peak vector sum
- FoS:
-
Factor of safety
- K, b:
-
Site-specific constants
References
Abidin, M.H.Z., Saad, R., Ahmad, F., Wijeyesekera, D.C., Baharuddin, M.F.T.: Correlation analysis between field electrical resistivity value (ERV) and basic geotechnical properties (BGP). Soil Mech. Found. Eng. 51, 117–125 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-014-9264-x
Agrawal, H., Mishra, A.K.: Modified scaled distance regression analysis approach for prediction of blast-induced ground vibration in multi-hole blasting. J. Rock Mech. Geotech. Eng. 11, 202–207 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2018.07.004
Binley, A., Slater, L.: Resistivity and induced polarization: theory and applications to the near-surface Earth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2020)
Binley, A., Hubbard, S.S., Huisman, J.A., Revil, A., Robinson, D.A., Singha, K., et al.: The emergence of hydrogeophysics for improved understanding of subsurface processes over multiple scales. Water Resour. Res. 51, 3837–3866 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017016
Devi, A., Israil, M., Singh, A., Gupta, P.K., Yogeshwar, P., Tezkan, B.: Imaging of groundwater contamination using 3D joint inversion of electrical resistivity tomography and radio magnetotelluric data: a case study from Northern India. Near Surf. Geophys. 18, 261–274 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/nsg.12092
Dowding, C.H.: Blast vibration monitoring and control: a thirty year perspective. 37th U.S. Symp. Rock Mech., Vail, CO: Taylor & Francis; p. ARMA-99–0045 (1999)
Ekinci, Y.L., Demirci, A.: A damped least-squares inversion program for the interpretation of Schlumberger sounding curves. J. Appl. Sci. 8, 4070–4078 (2008). https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2008.4070.4078
Fressard, M., Maquaire, O., Thiery, Y., Davidson, R., Lissak, C.: Multi-method characterisation of an active landslide: case study in the Pays d’Auge plateau (Normandy, France). Geomorphology 270, 22–39 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.07.001
Giocoli, A., Hailemikael, S., Bellanova, J., Calamita, G., Perrone, A., Piscitelli, S.: Site and building characterization of the Orvieto Cathedral (Umbria, Central Italy) by electrical resistivity tomography and single-station ambient vibration measurements. Eng. Geol. 260, 105195 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105195
Gonçalves, J.T.D., Botelho, M.A.B., Machado, S.L., Netto, L.G.: Correlation between field electrical resistivity and geotechnical SPT blow counts at tropical soils in Brazil. Environ. Challenges 5, 100220 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100220
Gupta, P.K., Niwas, S., Gaur, V.K.: Straightforward inversion of vertical electrical sounding data. Geophysics 62, 775–785 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444187
Hack, R.: Geophysics for slope stability. Surv. Geophys. 21, 423–448 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006797126800
Hasan, M., Shang, Y., Meng, H., Shao, P., Yi, X.: Application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) for rock mass quality evaluation. Sci. Rep. 11, 23683 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03217-8
Jongmans, D., Garambois, S.: Geophysical investigation of landslides: a review. Bull. La Société Géologique Fr. 178, 101–112 (2007). https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.178.2.101
Kneisel, C., Emmert, A., Kästl, J.: Application of 3D electrical resistivity imaging for map** frozen ground conditions exemplified by three case studies. Geomorphology 210, 71–82 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.12.022
Lech, M., Skutnik, Z., Bajda, M., Markowska-Lech, K.: Applications of electrical resistivity surveys in solving selected geotechnical and environmental problems. Appl. Sci. 10, 2263 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/app10072263
Li, S., Liu, B., Xu, X., Nie, L., Liu, Z., Song, J., et al.: An overview of ahead geological prospecting in tunneling. Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol. 63, 69–94 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.12.011
Loke, M.H., Barker, R.D.: Rapid least-squares inversion of apparent resistivity pseudosections by a quasi-Newton method1. Geophys. Prospect. 44, 131–152 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1996.tb00142.x
Loke, M.H., Chambers, J.E., Rucker, D.F., Kuras, O., Wilkinson, P.B.: Recent developments in the direct-current geoelectrical imaging method. J Appl Geophys 95, 135–156 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.02.017
Metwaly, M., AlFouzan, F.: Application of 2-D geoelectrical resistivity tomography for subsurface cavity detection in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia. Geosci. Front. 4, 469–476 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2012.12.005
Pazzi, V., Di Filippo, M., Di Nezza, M., Carlà, T., Bardi, F., Marini, F., et al.: Integrated geophysical survey in a sinkhole-prone area: Microgravity, electrical resistivity tomographies, and seismic noise measurements to delimit its extension. Eng. Geol. 243, 282–293 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.07.016
Perrone, A., Vassallo, R., Lapenna, V., Di, M.C.: Pore water pressures and slope stability: a joint geophysical and geotechnical analysis. J. Geophys. Eng. 5, 323–337 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-2132/5/3/008
Perrone, A., Lapenna, V., Piscitelli, S.: Electrical resistivity tomography technique for landslide investigation: a review. Earth-Sci. Rev. 135, 65–82 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.04.002
Prassetyo, S.H., Simangunsong, G.M., Sadikin, A.: Dynamic stability of mine slopes due to bench blasting. In: da Fontoura SAB, Rocca RJ, Mendoza JFP, editors. Rock Mech. Nat. Resour. Infrastruct. Dev., London: CRC Press; p. 3506–13 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1201/9780367823177.
Raflesia, F., Widodo, W.: Flower pollination algorithm for the inversion of Schlumberger sounding curve. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 873, 012018 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/873/1/012018
Reynolds, J.M.: An introduction to applied and environmental geophysics, 2nd edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester (2011)
Rezaei, S., Shooshpasha, I., Rezaei, H.: Reconstruction of landslide model from ERT, geotechnical, and field data, Nargeschal landslide, Iran. Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ. 78, 3223–3237 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1352-0
Rocscience.: Slide2–2D limit equilibrium analysis for slopes [version 9.020]. Toronto: Rocscience Inc. (2021)
Romero-Ruiz, A., Linde, N., Keller, T., Or, D.: A review of geophysical methods for soil structure characterization. Rev. Geophys. 56, 672–697 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000611
Rusydy, I., Fathani, T.F., Al-Huda, N., Sugiarto, Iqbal, K., Jamaluddin, K., et al.: Integrated approach in studying rock and soil slope stability in a tropical and active tectonic country. Environ. Earth Sci. 80, 58 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-09357-w
Siskind, D.E., Stagg, M.S., Kopp, J.W., Dowding, C.H.: Structure response and damage produced by ground vibration from surface mine blasting. Twin Cities (1980)
Siskind, D.E., Stagg, M.S., Wiegand, J.E., Schulz, D.L.: Surface mine blasting near pressurized transmission pipelines. Report of investigations. Twin Cities (1994)
Sudha, K., Israil, M., Mittal, S., Rai, J.: Soil characterization using electrical resistivity tomography and geotechnical investigations. J. Appl. Geophys. 67, 74–79 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2008.09.012
Udphuay, S., Günther, T., Everett, M.E., Warden, R.R., Briaud, J.-L.: Three-dimensional resistivity tomography in extreme coastal terrain amidst dense cultural signals: application to cliff stability assessment at the historic D-Day site. Geophys. J. Int. 185, 201–220 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04915.x
Widodo, Gurk, M., Tezkan, B.: Multi-dimensional interpretation of radiomagnetotelluric and transient electromagnetic data to study active faults in the Mygdonian Basin, Northern Greece. J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. 21, 121–33 (2016). https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG21.3.121
Widodo, W., Azimmah, A., Santoso, D.: Exploring the Japan Cave in Taman Hutan Raya Djuanda, Bandung using GPR. J. Environ. Eng. Geophys. 23, 377–381 (2018). https://doi.org/10.2113/JEEG23.3.377
Zakaria, M.T., MohdMuztaza, N., Zabidi, H., Salleh, A.N., Mahmud, N., Samsudin, N., et al.: 2-D cross-plot model analysis using integrated geophysical methods for landslides assessment. Appl. Sci. 11, 747 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020747
Zhdanov, M., Keller, G.: The geoelectrical methods in geophysical exploration. Elsevier, Amsterdam (1994)
Zohdy, A.A.R.: A new method for the automatic interpretation of Schlumberger and Wenner sounding curves. Geophysics 54, 245–253 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442648
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) of Indonesia. The authors also gratefully acknowledge a research grant from the Program of Research, Community Service, and Innovation of the Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB). We also would like to thank PT. KCIC, HSRCC, and CREC for their assistance during data acquisition for this research.
Funding
This research was funded by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) of Indonesia. The authors also gratefully acknowledge a research grant from the Program of Research, Community Service, and Innovation of the Institute Technology of Bandung (P3MI-ITB) fiscal year 2020 that is granted to the ITB Mining Engineering Research Group.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Writing-original draft preparation, writing review and editing, formal analysis, software, visualization, and investigation (Hermawan Phanjaya and Widodo); conceptualization, methodology, resources, and investigation (Hermawan Phanjaya, Widodo, Simon Heru Prasetyo, and Ganda Marihot Simangunsong); funding acquisition (Widodo and Simon Heru Prasetyo); supervision and project administration (Widodo, Simon Heru Prasetyo, Ganda Marihot Simangunsong, Made Astawa Rai, and Ridho Kresna Wattimena). All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Widodo, Phanjaya, H., Prassetyo, S.H. et al. Dynamic Slope Stability Subject to Blasting Vibrations: a Case Study of the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway Tunnel. Transp. Infrastruct. Geotech. 10, 774–794 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-022-00242-6
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40515-022-00242-6