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Nutrition and Diet Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: A Roadmap based on available evidence

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Abstract

Background

Nutrition is considered as a primary approach for diabetes management. It needs a comprehensive assessment of evidence to identify nutritional dimensions that should be explored in the future. We aimed to provide a roadmap on diabetes and nutrition and clarify research gaps in this field.

Methods

In the present review, we searched Scopus and PubMed electronic databases to collect eligible publications with English and Farsi languages from 2015 to December 2019 in the field of nutrition and diabetes. Relevant papers were classified into six subgroups including biochemistry/ animal studies, clinical nutrition, food industry, genetic, public health, and dietary supplements. Based on evidence-based pyramid, publications were categorized as well. Publications trend from 2015 to 2019 and frequency of publications in each category were provided.

Results

Finally, we reached 438 eligible papers. Most studies (40.86%) were clinical trials and in most human studies (n = 224) patients with type 2 diabetes were considered. Probiotic/prebiotic/ symbiotic, vitamin D, and omega-3/fish oil were the most frequent studied dietary supplements. Low portions of studies were dedicated to diabetic children (n = 3), type 1 diabetes (n = 6), diabetes complications (n = 23) and GDM (n = 25).

Conclusion

An increasing trend in nutrition publications in the field of diabetes was observed. Publications were mostly dedicated to clinical trials with a focus on dietary supplements. Low portion of studies have been dedicated to children with diabetes, diabetes complications, and GDM. More attention to high quality basic research, product-based projects, and interdisciplinary studies in the field of nutrition and diabetes are needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nazli Namazi, Farideh Razi & Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani

  2. Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular -Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1411413137, Tehran, Iran

    Shahnaz Esmaeili

  3. Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Shonaz Ahmadikhatir

  4. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular‐Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani

  5. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 1411413137, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

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  1. Nazli Namazi
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Correspondence to Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani or Bagher Larijani.

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Namazi, N., Esmaeili, S., Ahmadikhatir, S. et al. Nutrition and Diet Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus: A Roadmap based on available evidence. J Diabetes Metab Disord 20, 1913–1918 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00876-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00876-2

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