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Estimation of Deformation Modulus of Azad Pumped Storage Powerhouse Cavern Using Back Analysis Based on Combination of Extensometer and Load Cell Results

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A Correction to this article was published on 12 June 2024

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Abstract

Most back analysis techniques in geotechnical problems are based on methods that utilize the monitored data of stress, strain and displacement. In this research, by performing the back analysis on cavern of Azad pumped storage powerhouse, Iran, deformation modulus of rock mass has been estimated using displacement and load data. First, after analyzing the instrumentation results, the data recorded in different instrumentation stations have been compared to each other. Afterward, using 2D finite element software Phase 2, the modeling was carried out and verified by extensometer results. Then, by performing back analysis using direct method, and comparing modeling results to the results obtained by instrumentation, input parameters of the model, especially deformation modulus of rock mass, have been estimated. Review and combination of extensometer and load cell results indicate that the results are optimally consistent, and also, there is a relationship with high correlation between the applied load to anchor and the rock mass deformation. The difference of less than 10% between the displacement recorded by the extensometer and the equivalent displacement obtained by load cell proved that using load cell in the back analysis is a suitable and cost-effective method. In order to evaluate and minimize the difference between the measured values and the numerical modeling results, statistical indices and error functions are employed. According to the examinations and using extensometer and load cell results, carrying out the back analysis with a deformation modulus of 15.4 GPa is of higher consistency with instrumentation results.

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Acknowledgements

We declare that all the information furnished in this document is free of errors to the best of our knowledge. The manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us. We confirm that we have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. In so doing we confirm that we have followed the regulations of our institutions concerning intellectual property. We understand that the Corresponding Author (Dr. Ahangari) is the sole contact for the Editorial process (including Editorial Manager and direct communications with the office). He is responsible for communicating with the other authors about progress, submissions of revisions and final approval of proofs. We confirm that we have provided a current, correct email address which is accessible by the Corresponding Author and which has been configured to accept email from Signed by all authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mining Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Aghakhani & Kaveh Ahangari

  2. Department of Mining Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Mosleh Eftekhari

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  1. Hassan Aghakhani
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Aghakhani, H., Ahangari, K. & Eftekhari, M. Estimation of Deformation Modulus of Azad Pumped Storage Powerhouse Cavern Using Back Analysis Based on Combination of Extensometer and Load Cell Results. Indian Geotech J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-023-00847-9

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