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Volatile Profiles of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruits from Natural Accessions and Cultivated Alphonso

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aroma is an important factor for consumer preference and marketability of fruits. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) impart a unique and distinct fruit-specific aroma and also act as an indicator of the physiological and/or disease states of fruits. Hence, fruits of the well-known mango cultivar, Alphonso along with accessions of Mangifera indica L. from two locations in the Western Ghats forest regions were explored for variation in their VOCs at two stages to understand mango flavour biogenesis. Morphological, textural, and aroma characters were distinct among these fruit sets suggesting the potential variation in flavour-related VOCs among them. Besides the fruit characters, the sample showed distinct variations in tree habit, canopy structure, and tender foliage colour. Metabolite analysis identified a total of 88 compounds and some of them revealed alterations in volatile profiles between ripe and unripe fruit stages. Interestingly, S-plot and cluster analyses led to the separation of the top 50 VOCs into six groups, with a potential indication of some signature cues for location, stage, and type of mango accessions. Further, secondary metabolites like 2-pinene, β-pinene, mesifurane, trans-β-ocimene, 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-(Z) (cis-β-ocimene), 2,4,6-octatriene, 2,6-dimethyl-(E, Z) (Neo-allo-ocimene), 1-dodecene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene might have important roles in adjudging the ripening stage. These different classes of metabolites might help in understanding the maturity and quality of mango fruits in naturally thriving resources in addition to the population differences. They could be further explored in the different utilities for food and flavour-related products.

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Abbreviations

GC–MS :

Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

GC-FID :

Gas chromatography–flame ionization detector

BA :

Bhimashankar accession

OPLS-DA :

Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis

GPS :

Global positioning system

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Acknowledgements

MSD acknowledges a fellowship from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) New Delhi, India. The authors thank CSIR for a grant under the project code CSC0133 (FUNHEALTH) at CSIR-NCL. MSD acknowledges help from a farmer Mr. Kundalik Kondhawale from the Mhatarbachiwadi area during sample collection at the Bhimashankar forest area.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, MS, 411008, India

    M. Saleem Dar, Bhushan B. Dholakia, Vidya S. Gupta & Ashok P. Giri

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, 201002, India

    M. Saleem Dar & Ashok P. Giri

  3. Biospheres, Eshwari, 52/403, Lakshminagar, Parvati, Pune, MS, 411009, India

    Sachin A. Punekar

  4. MBB Department, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, TR, 799022, India

    Bhushan B. Dholakia

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  1. M. Saleem Dar
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  4. Vidya S. Gupta
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Correspondence to Bhushan B. Dholakia or Ashok P. Giri.

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Significance statement: This study might act as an impetus to understand the specific advantages of secondary metabolites for fruit ripening, plant populations; and the abiotic and biotic stresses around the location of the mango trees.

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Dar, M.S., Dholakia, B.B., Punekar, S.A. et al. Volatile Profiles of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruits from Natural Accessions and Cultivated Alphonso. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 93, 659–667 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-023-01455-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-023-01455-6

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