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Low-cost Zeolite/TiO2 composite for the photocatalytically enhanced adsorption of Cd2+ from aqueous solution

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Abstract

Nano-TiO2 (anatase) powders were immobilized on crystalline zeolite (size = 45 µm). The composite material was used for the rapid and efficient adsorption of the Cd2+ ions from an aqueous solution. Furthermore, the composites were exposed to two different calcination temperatures (500 and 700 °C) and were characterized by employing XRD, UV–Vis DRS, EDX, XRF, and pH point of zero charge analyses. Green synthesis, impregnation method was used to obtain zeolite-supported TiO2. The present study demonstrated that the photocatalytic maximum adsorption capacity of Cd2+ by zeolite-supported TiO2 (qm = 59.3 mg/g) was 3.7 times higher than that of bare TiO2 (qm = 16.2 mg/g). The percent removal efficiency of 99.6% was observed using zeolite-supported TiO2 composite under compact fluorescent light. Adsorption and kinetics studies were performed and the results obtained best fitted Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. As the wastewater containing different ionic strength, model dye Methylene Blue (MB) was used as competitive ions in the adsorption process. MB acted as photo-generated positive hole (h+) trapper and enhanced the Cd2+ removal efficiency (qm = 68.8 mg/g) further by reducing electron/hole pairs recombination rate. The easily separable composite showed high reusability by physical (high-temperature combustion) regeneration as compared to chemical (Fenton oxidation) regenerated samples.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the grant RUI No. 1001/PKIMIA/815099 for the equipment and financial funding by Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Furthermore, N. S. is also grateful to TWAS (The World Academy of Sciences) & USM for granting TWAS–USM Fellowship to tail this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan

    Najm Us Saqib

  2. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Najm Us Saqib, Rohana Adnan & Muhammad Rahim

  3. Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Buner, KP, Pakistan

    Najm Us Saqib & Ajmal Khan

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  1. Najm Us Saqib
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  2. Rohana Adnan
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  3. Muhammad Rahim
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  4. Ajmal Khan
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Correspondence to Najm Us Saqib.

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Saqib, N.U., Adnan, R., Rahim, M. et al. Low-cost Zeolite/TiO2 composite for the photocatalytically enhanced adsorption of Cd2+ from aqueous solution. J IRAN CHEM SOC 18, 2165–2180 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-021-02179-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-021-02179-y

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