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Influence of canopy architecture on photosynthetic parameters and fruit quality of mango in tropical region of India

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Abstract

Canopy architecture is one of the most critical components influencing photoassimilation, yield and quality of fruit crops; thus, it is logical to optimize suitable canopy form with high light interception efficiency. In this study, the effectiveness of three forms of canopy architecture viz., open centre, Y trellis and espalier were assessed, under high density planting system of mango (833 plants ha− 1). Y trellis facilitated better availability of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in upper (793 µmol m− 2 s− 1) and lower canopy layers (487 µmol m− 2 s− 1) by exhibiting moderate interception of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR). Y-trellis also manifested relatively higher photosynthetic activity (6.07 µmol CO2 m− 2 s− 1 and 5.24 µmol CO2 m− 2 s− 1), stomatal conductance (0.194 µmol H2O m− 2 s− 1 and 0.172 µmol H2O m− 2 s− 1), carbohydrate and protein content in upper and lower canopy layers. On the other hand, espalier system demonstrated high rate of PAR interception and low photosynthetic activity. Mango canopy with Y-trellis and open centre forms provided better results in terms of flowering intensity and fruit yield. Fruits from Y-trellis exhibited relatively better colour attributes, sucrose and β-carotene content. Alternatively, soluble solid contents, citric acid, carbohydrate and protein content were unaffected with the training systems. It was evident from PCA biplots that Y-trellis had close proximity with light intensity, photosynthetic characteristics, flowering intensity, yield, and fruit quality attributes. Moreover, path coefficient analysis indicated that PPFD, iPAR and photosynthetic rate (Pn) were the most important predictors for determining flowering in mango. The findings of the present study demonstrate that optimized canopy architecture is instrumental for effective utilization of radiation energy for higher flowering intensity, yield and fruit quality in mango. Economic assessment of training system indicated that Y-trellis was more feasible system when cultivation was aimed to maximise the profit with no restriction on investment. However under capital constraint situation open centre system was more profitable.

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Abbreviations

CGE:

Carotenogenic gene expression

CHO:

Carbohydrate

Ci:

Intercellular CO2 concentration

FS:

Flowering intensity

gs:

Stomatal conductance

HDPS:

High density planting system

iPAR:

Intercepted Photosynthetic active radiation

LCHL:

Total chlorophyll content

LI:

Light intensity

PAR:

Photosynthetic active radiation

PCA:

Principal component analysis

Pn:

Photosynthetic rate

PPFD:

Photosynthetic photon flux density

SSC:

Soluble solid contents

TA:

Titratable acidity

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to the Director, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research during experimentation is duly acknowledged. Financial Assistance of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi is also duly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Horticultural Experiment Station (ICAR- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research), Bhubaneswar, India

    Kundan Kishore, G. C. Acharya & Suchitra Behera

  2. ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India

    H. S. Singh

  3. ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute-Jharkhand, Hazaribagh, India

    Vishal Nath

  4. ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India

    M. J. Baig

  5. ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India

    D. Sreenivasa Murthy

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  1. Kundan Kishore
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Contributions

KK and HSS conducted the field experiment. VN Conceptualized and designed the experiment. KK, MJB, SB and GCA collected and analysed the data. KK, HSS and VN prepared the manuscript. DSM worked out the economics of training system. All authors approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kundan Kishore.

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Kishore, K., Singh, H.S., Nath, V. et al. Influence of canopy architecture on photosynthetic parameters and fruit quality of mango in tropical region of India. Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol. 64, 557–569 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-022-00500-z

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