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Adsorptive removal of inhibitors from paddy straw hydrolysate using surfactant-modified bentonite clay for fermentative xylitol production

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Abstract

Thermal acid hydrolysis of paddy straw is one of the most widely used pre-treatment methods to deal with its recalcitrant nature as well as utilize its abundant accessibility. However, the presence of inhibitory compounds (acetic acid, phenolics, and furan derivatives) in hemicellulose enriched spent liquor, produced during paddy straw hydrolysis, adversely affects its utilization for downstream xylitol production. Various detoxifying agents such as paddy straw biochar, lignite, activated charcoal, sodium bentonite (SB), and surfactant-modified organobentonite (CTAB@SB) were assessed for removal of inhibitors from the spent liquor. CTAB@SB performed as the best detoxifying adsorbent while retaining the maximum amount of xylose (16.23 gL−1). Concentration of acetic acid reduced from 4.95 gL−1 in concentrated and neutralized hydrolysate (control) to 0.023 gL−1 in CTAB@SB-detoxified hydrolysate. The furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural contents (with initial concentrations of 0.711 and 0.236 gL−1, respectively) were undetectable in the hydrolysate after CTAB@SB-assisted detoxification. Successful intercalation of bentonite layers with CTAB was confirmed using FTIR and XRD analysis. Specific surface area and pore size (31.73 m2 g−1, 4.45 nm, respectively) of CTAB@SB were revealed using BET analysis. The detoxified hydrolysate was subjected to fermentation using Candida tropicalis MTCC 6192 where xylitol yield and productivity were 0.59 g g−1 and 0.81 gL−1 h−1 , respectively. Thus, CTAB@SB-assisted detoxification was successfully established for inhibitor removal and integrated into paddy straw pre-treatment for downstream xylitol production.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during this study are included in the manuscript.

Abbreviations

Ac:

Acid hydrolysate

Alk:

Alkaline hydrolysate

BET:

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

C-Ac:

Concentrated acid hydrolysate

CN-Ac:

Concentrated and neutralized acid hydrolysate

CMC:

Carboxymethyl cellulose

CMCase:

Carboxymethyl cellulase

CTAB:

Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride

CTAB@SB:

Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride-modified sodium bentonite

CTAB@SB-H:

CTAB@SB post-hydrolysate detoxification

FPase:

Filter paper cellulase

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

MTCC:

Microbial Type Culture Collection

SB:

Sodium bentonite

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

YPD:

Yeast extract peptone dextrose

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Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledge Centre of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (Mohali), Head, Department of Renewable Energy Engineering (PAU, Ludhiana), and Dr. Vikas Kumar, Department of Food Science and Technology (PAU, Ludhiana), for providing facilities to carry out this research.

Funding

This work was supported by DST- INSPIRE (Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (Grant Number IF190819).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, -141004, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Gurkanwal Kaur

  2. Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, India

    Meena Krishania

  3. Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, -141004, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Monica Sachdeva Taggar

  4. Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, -141004, Ludhiana, Punjab, India

    Anu Kalia

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Contributions

Methodology, laboratory research, investigation, data curation, writing-original draft preparation: Gurkanwal Kaur; conceptualization, supervision, resource acquisition, writing- review and editing: Dr Meena Krishania; conceptualization, supervision, editing of manuscript: Dr Monica Sachdeva Taggar and Dr Anu Kalia

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Correspondence to Meena Krishania or Monica Sachdeva Taggar.

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Highlights

•Evaluation of different detoxification strategies for inhibitor removal from paddy straw acid hydrolysate

•Native and surfactant-modified bentonite clay employed for inhibitor removal from hydrolysate

•Physicochemical and structural characterization of the detoxifying adsorbent

•Bioconversion of xylose in detoxified hydrolysate into xylitol using an efficient yeast strain

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Kaur, G., Krishania, M., Taggar, M.S. et al. Adsorptive removal of inhibitors from paddy straw hydrolysate using surfactant-modified bentonite clay for fermentative xylitol production. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 1317–1328 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04618-7

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