Abstract
Background
Dementia is a progressive neurological disorder which is clinically characterized by memory loss, behavioral symptoms, and loss of ability to live a normal life. Dementia patients may have to cope with permanent and irreversible symptoms.
Purpose of Review
Although a new drug for dementia with beta-amyloid-removal function has recently received FDA approval, the effect of delaying the progression of dementia is still insignificant, but the cost is expensive. On the other hand, studies on the effects of exercise in dementia have implied that the incidence of dementia or cognitive decline could be efficiently controlled by exercise.
Recent Findings
The cognitive neuroprotective effect of exercise was supported by cross-sectional studies in which physically fit seniors showed larger hippocampal or gray matter volumes than unfit seniors. In addition, multiple animal studies demonstrate that exercise promotes neuroplasticity through induction of neurotropic factors, with improved outcomes on cognitive functions.
Conclusion
In this review, we discuss the effects of conventional mode of physical exercise, cognitive (neuromuscular) exercise, and combined exercise in the prevention of dementia, and highlight the prospects for new exercise programs using digital technology that are being recently developed to reduce cognitive decline. Exercise should be importantly considered as a non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy for cognitive decline and dementia.
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Data availability
The datasets used during the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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We thank Hong’s Lab members for reviewing this manuscript.
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This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded (NRF-2020S1A5B5A17090342) to H.J. Cha and the National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) grant from the Korean government (MIST) (CAP21023-000) to J.H. Park.
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Conceptualization: H.J.C., J.H.P. and C.H.; writing—original draft preparation: H.J.C. and C.H.; writing—review and editing: H.J.C., J.H.P. and C.H.; funding acquisition: J.H.P. and H.J.C. We have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Cha, HJ., Park, J.H. & Hong, C. New insight of exercise on dementia; combinatory effects of physical and cognitive exercise. Mol. Cell. Toxicol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-024-00440-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-024-00440-y