Abstract
The goal of this study, which was conducted with the patients' prior informed consent, was to determine the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit in adult patients treated at Salah Aldin Teaching Hospital (SUTH)City, Iraq, from December 2021 to February 2022. There were 61 blood samples collected from the finger pad, and they were all used. Haematocrit and hemoglobin's biochemical composition were determined using the cyanmethemoglobin method and centrifugation. According to the findings, women accounted for 83.6% of the total number of patients, while men made up the remaining patients. Only 11.5% of all patients have low hemoglobin levels, while 83.6% have normal hemoglobin levels. As a result, it is also specified that 90.2% of all patients have normal hematocrit values, while 1.6% of all patients have lower-than-normal hematocrit values. Furthermore, it was discovered that 3.3% of people are overweight. The χ2 statistical test was used to determine whether there is a significant relationship between the variables BMI, age, and gender. The test results revealed no significant relationship between these variables (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that age, gender, and BMI have no effect on hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs13204-023-02878-3/MediaObjects/13204_2023_2878_Fig1_HTML.png)
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Based on the request authors can provide.
References
Abdullah DA, Mahmood GA, Rahman HS (2020) Hematology reference intervals for healthy adults of the city of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Int J Gen Med 13:1249–1254. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S270800
Albaroodi K (2021) Anaemia among children who attended the children’s teaching hospital in Karbala, Iraq. J Blood Med 12:377–383. https://doi.org/10.2147/JBM.S309425
Duren DL, Sherwood RJ, Czerwinski SA, Lee M, Choh AC, Siervogel RM, Cameron Chumlea W (2008) Body composition methods: comparisons and interpretation. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2(6):1139–1146. https://doi.org/10.1177/193229680800200623
Gautam S, Min H, Kim H, Jeong HS (2019) Determining factors for the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age in Nepal: evidence from recent national survey data. PLoS ONE 14(6):e0218288. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218288
Kuhn V, Diederich L, Keller T 4th, Kramer CM, Lückstädt W, Panknin C, Suvorava T, Isakson BE, Kelm M, Cortese-Krott MM (2017) Red blood cell function and dysfunction: redox regulation, nitric oxide metabolism. Anemia Antioxid Redox Signal 26(13):718–742. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2016.6954
Meir J, Milsom W (2013) High thermal sensitivity of blood enhances oxygen delivery in the high-flying bar-headed goose. J Exp Biol. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.085282
Michlig GJ, Lafta R, Al-Nuaimi M, Burnham G (2020) Rapid ethnographic assessment for public health research in post-ISIS-occupation Mosul, Iraq. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529741421
Miller JL (2013) Iron deficiency anemia: a common and curable disease. Cold Spring Harbor Persp Med 3(7):a011866. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a011866
Mithoowani S, Laureano M, Crowther MA, Hillis CM (2020) Investigation and management of erythrocytosis. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J 192(32):E913–E918. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.191587
Schaible UE, Kaufmann SH (2007) Malnutrition and infection: complex mechanisms and global impacts. PLoS Med 4(5):e115. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040115
Steyn K, Dam A (2006) Chapter 18: Lifestyle and related risk factors for chronic diseases. In: Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW et al (eds) Disease and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, 2nd edn. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, Washington
Svalastog AL, Donev D, Jahren Kristoffersen N, Gajović S (2017) Concepts and definitions of health and health-related values in the knowledge landscapes of the digital society. Croat Med J 58(6):431–435. https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2017.58.431
Tefferi A (2003) Anemia in adults: a contemporary approach to diagnosis. Mayo Clin Proc 78(10):1274–1280
Torday JS (2015) Homeostasis as the mechanism of evolution. Biology 4(3):573–590. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4030573
United Nations, Iraq (2021), Realities of Climate-Induced Migration in Iraq’s Southern Cities: New IOM Report. https://iraq.un.org/en/152542-realities-climate-induced-migration-iraqs-southern-cities-new-iom-report
Windsor JS, Rodway GW (2007) Heights and haematology: the story of haemoglobin at altitude. Postgrad Med J 83(977):148–151. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2006.049734
Wojciak RW (2014) Effect of short-term food restriction on iron metabolism, relative well-being and depression symptoms in healthy women. Eating Weight Disord EWD 19(3):321–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-013-0091-2
Funding
No funding is involved in this work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Authors contributed equally.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Conflict of interest is not applicable in this work.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
No participation of humans takes place in this implementation process.
Human and animal rights
No violation of human and animal rights is involved.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Ahmad, H., Noman, S.J. Correlation study of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels with BMI, age, and gender and determination of the risk of anaemia in adult residents of Iraq. Appl Nanosci 13, 5357–5364 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02878-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-023-02878-3