Abstract
This paper provides an overview of past, present and future themes for research and management of riparian zones, often relating to papers within this Wetlands Special Feature. Riparian research expanded in the United States around 1980 with themes that recognized (1) damage from excessive livestock, or (2) damage from river damming and diversion, and (3) the beneficial capacity of riparian buffers to intercept and assimilate nutrients and other water contaminants. Research expanded globally in the 1990s, with themes including (4) plant life history requirements and (5) reliance on fluvial geomorphic dynamics that enable riparian rejuvenation. Resource managers recognized that riparian areas provide (6) rich wildlife habitats (7) along with valued ecosystem services, (8) which encouraged conservation and restoration initiatives, (9) including environmental flow regimes. Floodplains are (10) vulnerable to invasive plants and management has included biocontrol such as for Tamarix in the American Southwest. Into the twenty-first century, (11) climate change is advancing, and riparian ecosystems may be especially impacted due to the compound challenges from increasing water demand and declining summer flows. As an emerging opportunity, (12) while reservoirs submerge floodplain vegetation, reservoir deltas may support compensatory riparian wetlands. (13) Studies increasingly utilize remote sensing tools including satellite imagery, LiDAR and unmanned aircraft systems, and (14) the coordination of large data sets invites digital ecology, including artificial intelligence and machine learning. Since riparian zones are centres for human activities, (15) there are opportunities for citizen science, social media and internet applications, which will increasingly democratize riparian research and management.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Data are provided in Supplemental Tables.
References
Bean D, Dudley T (2018) A synoptic review of Tamarix biocontrol in North America: tracking success in the midst of controversy. BioControl 63:361–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-018-9880-x
Beauchamp VB, Swan CM, Szlavecz K, Hu J (2015) Riparian community structure and soil properties of restored urban streams. Ecohydrology 8:880–895. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1644
Benjankar R, Burke M, Yager E, Tonina D, Egger G, Rood SB, Merz N (2014) Development of a spatially-distributed hydroecological model to simulate cottonwood seedling recruitment along rivers. Journal of Environmental Management 145:277–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.027
Bernhardt ES, Palmer MA, Allan JD, Alexander G, Barnas K, Brooks S, Carr J, Clayton S, Dahm C, Follstad-Shah J, Galat D (2005) Synthesizing US river restoration efforts. Science 308:636–637. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1109769
Boudell JA, Dixon MD, Rood SB, Stromberg JC (2015) Restoring functional riparian ecosystems: concepts and applications. Ecohydrology 8:747–752. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1664
Bradley CE, Smith DG (1986) Plains cottonwood recruitment and survival on a prairie meandering river floodplain, Milk River, southern Alberta and northern Montana. Canadian Journal of Botany 64:1433–1442. https://doi.org/10.1139/b86-195
Brinson MM, Swift BL, Plantico RC, Barclay JS (1981) Riparian ecosystems: their ecology and status. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biological service program, FWS/OBS-81/17. https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/boise/AWAE/labs/awae_flagstaff/Hot_Topics/ripthreatbib/brinson_etal_ripecosystems.pdf. Accessed 15 Nov 2020
Camporeale C, Perucca E, Ridolfi L, Gurnell AM (2013) Modeling the interactions between river morphodynamics and riparian vegetation. Reviews of Geophysics 51:379–414. https://doi.org/10.1002/rog.20014
Capon SJ, Chambers LE, Mac Nally R, Naiman RJ, Davies P, Marshall N, Pittock J, Reid M, Capon T, Douglas M, Catford J (2013) Riparian ecosystems in the 21st century: hotspots for climate change adaptation? Ecosystems 16:359–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-013-9656-1
Catford JA, Jansson R (2014) Drowned, buried and carried away: effects of plant traits on the distribution of native and alien species in riparian ecosystems. New Phytologist 204:19–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12951
Corenblit D, Tabacchi E, Steiger J, Gurnell AM (2007) Reciprocal interactions and adjustments between fluvial landforms and vegetation dynamics in river corridors: a review of complementary approaches. Earth-Science Reviews 84:56–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.05.004
Cubley ES, Bateman HL, Merritt DM, Cooper DJ (2020a) Using vegetation guilds to predict bird habitat characteristics in riparian areas. Wetlands:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01372-8
Cubley ES, Bateman HL, Riddle SB, Holmquist-Johnson C, Merritt DM (2020b) Predicting bird guilds using vegetation composition and structure on a wild and Scenic River in Arizona. Wetlands:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01371-9
Damasceno-Junior GA, Semir J, Dos Santos FAM, de Freitas L-FH (2005) Structure, distribution of species and inundation in a riparian forest of Rio Paraguai, Pantanal, Brazil. Flora-Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 200:119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2004.09.002
Dufour S, Rodríguez-González PM, Laslier M (2019) Tracing the scientific trajectory of riparian vegetation studies: Main topics, approaches and needs in a globally changing world. Science of the Total Environment 653:1168–1185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.383
Duro DC, Franklin SE, Dubé MG (2012) A comparison of pixel-based and object-based image analysis with selected machine learning algorithms for the classification of agricultural landscapes using SPOT-5 HRG imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment 118:259–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.020
Eamus D, Froend R (2006) Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: the where, what and why of GDEs. Australian Journal of Botany 54:91–96. https://doi.org/10.1071/BT06029
Friedman JM, Auble GT, Shafroth PB, Scott ML, Merigliano MF, Freehling MD, Griffin ER (2005) Dominance of non-native riparian trees in western USA. Biological Invasions 7:747–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-004-5849-z
Glenn EP, Nagler PL, Shafroth PB, Jarchow CJ (2017) Effectiveness of environmental flows for riparian restoration in arid regions: a tale of four rivers. Ecological Engineering 106:695–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.01.009
González E, Sher AA, Tabacchi E, Masip A, Poulin M (2015) Restoration of riparian vegetation: a global review of implementation and evaluation approaches in the international, peer-reviewed literature. Journal of Environmental Management 158:85–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00359.x
González E, Martínez-Fernández V, Shafroth PB, Sher AA, Henry AL, Garófano-Gómez V, Corenblit D (2018) Regeneration of Salicaceae riparian forests in the northern hemisphere: a new framework and management tool. Journal of Environmental Management 218:374–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.069
González E, Shafroth PB, Lee SR, Reed SC, Belnap J (2020) Riparian plant communities remain stable in response to a second cycle of Tamarix biocontrol defoliation. Wetlands:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01381-7
Grady KC, Ferrier SM, Kolb TE, Hart SC, Allan GJ, Whitham TG (2011) Genetic variation in productivity of foundation riparian species at the edge of their distribution: implications for restoration and assisted migration in a warming climate. Global Change Biology 17:3724–3735. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02524.x
Gregory SV, Swanson FJ, McKee WA, Cummins KW (1991) An ecosystem perspective of riparian zones. BioScience 41:540–551 https://www.jstor.org/stable/1311607. Accessed 15 Nov 2020
Groffman PM, Bain DJ, Band LE, Belt KT, Brush GS, Grove JM, Pouyat RV, Yesilonis IC, Zipperer WC (2003) Down by the riverside: urban riparian ecology. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1:315–321. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0315:DBTRUR]2.0.CO;2
Guilloy-Froget H, Muller E, Barsoum N, Hughes FM (2002) Dispersal, germination, and survival of Populus nigra L.(Salicaceae) in changing hydrologic conditions. Wetlands 22:478–488. https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0478:DGASOP]2.0.CO;2
Hauer FR, Locke H, Dreitz VJ, Hebblewhite M, Lowe WH, Muhlfeld CC, Nelson CR, Proctor MF, Rood SB (2016) Gravel-bed river floodplains are the ecological nexus of glaciated mountain landscapes. Science Advances 2(6):e1600026. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600026
Hill NM, Keddy PA, Wisheu IC (1998) A hydrological model for predicting the effects of dams on the shoreline vegetation of lakes and reservoirs. Environmental Management 22:723–736. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900142
Hood GW, Naiman RJ (2000) Vulnerability of riparian zones to invasion by exotic vascular plants. Plant Ecology 148:105–114. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009800327334
Hughes FMR (1990) The influence of flooding regimes on forest distribution and composition in the Tana River floodplain, Kenya. Journal of Applied Ecology 27:475–491 https://www.jstor.org/stable/2404295. Accessed 15 Nov 2020
Hughes FMR (1997) Floodplain biogeomorphology. Progress in Physical Geography 21:501–529. https://doi.org/10.1177/030913339702100402
Hughes FMR, Rood SB (2003) Allocation of river flows for restoration of floodplain forest ecosystems: a review of approaches and their applicability in Europe. Environmental Management 32:12–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-2834-8
Hultine KR, Grady KC, Wood TE, Shuster SM, Stella JC, Whitham TG (2016) Climate change perils for dioecious plant species. Nature Plants 2:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2016.109
Hupp CR, Osterkamp WR (1996) Riparian vegetation and fluvial geomorphic processes. Geomorphology 14:277–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(95)00042-4
Johnson WC (2002) Riparian vegetation diversity along regulated rivers: contribution of novel and relict habitats. Freshwater Biology 47:749–759. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00910.x
Johnson RR, Jones DA (Tech coords) (1977) Importance, Preservation and Management of Riparian Habitat: A Symposium. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-43. https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs_rm/rm_gtr043.pdf. Accessed 15 Nov 2020
Johnson WC, Burgess RL, Keammerer WR (1976) Forest overstory vegetation and environment on the Missouri River floodplain in North Dakota. Ecological Monographs 46:59–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942394
Johnson WC, Dixon MD, Scott ML, Rabbe L, Larson G, Volke M, Werner B (2012) Forty years of vegetation change on the Missouri River floodplain. BioScience 62:123–135. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.2.6
Johnson RR, Carothers SW, Finch DM, Kingsley KJ, Stanley JT (eds) (2018) Riparian research and management: past, present, future: volume 1. USDA Forest Service gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-377. Fort Collins, CO. https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-GTR-377
Junk WJ, Bayley PB, Sparks RE (1989) The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 106:110–127 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256981220_The_Flood_Pulse_Concept_in_River-Floodplain_Systems. Accessed 15 Nov 2020
Karrenberg S, Edwards PJ, Kollmann J (2002) The life history of Salicaceae living in the active zone of floodplains. Freshwater Biology 47:733–748. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00894.x
Katz G, Tuttle GM, Denslow MW, Norton AP (2020) Legacy effects of Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) in a riparian ecosystem three years post-removal. Wetlands:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01385-3
Kauffman JB, Krueger WC (1984) Livestock impacts on riparian ecosystems and streamside management implications... a review. Rangeland Ecology & Management/Journal of Range Management Archives 37:430–438 https://journals.uair.arizona.edu/index.php/jrm/article/viewFile/7758/7370. Accessed 15 Nov 2020
Knopf FL, Johnson RR, Rich T, Samson FB, Szaro RC (1988) Conservation of riparian ecosystems in the United States. The Wilson Bulletin 100:272–284 https://www.jstor.org/stable/4162566
Latrubesse EM, Arima EY, Dunne T, Park E, Baker VR, d’Horta FM, Wight C, Wittmann F, Zuanon J, Baker PA, Ribas CC (2017) Damming the rivers of the Amazon basin. Nature. 546:363–369. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22333
Liro M (2019) Dam reservoir backwater as a field-scale laboratory of human-induced changes in river biogeomorphology: a review focused on gravel-bed rivers. Science of the Total Environment 651:2899–2912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.138
Lowrance R, Todd R, Fail J Jr, Hendrickson O Jr, Leonard R, Asmussen L (1984) Riparian forests as nutrient filters in agricultural watersheds. BioScience 34:374–377. https://doi.org/10.2307/1309729
Lozanovska I, Ferreira MT, Aguiar FC (2018) Functional diversity assessment in riparian forests - multiple approaches and trends : a review. Ecological Indicators 95:781–793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.08.039
Mahoney JM, Rood SB (1998) Streamflow requirements for cottonwood seedling recruitment - an integrative model. Wetlands 18:634–645. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03161678
Malanson GP (1993) Riparian landscapes. University bridgePress, Cam
Marks CO, Atia H (2020) Seedling submergence tolerances accurately predict riparian tree species distributions: insights to help design environmental flows. Wetlands:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01375-5
Marks CO, Yellen BC, Wood SA, Martin EH, Nislow KH (2020) Variation in tree growth along soil formation and microtopographic gradients in riparian forests. Wetlands:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01363-9
Matzek V, Stella J, Ropion P (2018) Development of a carbon calculator tool for riparian forest restoration. Applied Vegetation Science 21:584–594. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12400
McKean J, Nagel D, Tonina D, Bailey P, Wright CW, Bohn C, Nayegandhi A (2009) Remote sensing of channels and riparian zones with a narrow-beam aquatic-terrestrial LIDAR. Remote Sensing 1:1065–1096. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041065
Merritt DM, Poff NL (2010) Shifting dominance of riparian Populus and Tamarix along gradients of flow alteration in western north American rivers. Ecological Applications 20:135–152. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2251.1
Merritt DM, Scott ML, Poff NL, Auble GT, Lytle DA (2010) Theory, methods and tools for determining environmental flows for riparian vegetation: riparian vegetation-flow response guilds. Freshwater Biology 55:206–225. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02206.x
Michez A, Piégay H, Lisein J, Claessens H, Lejeune P (2016) Classification of riparian forest species and health condition using multi-temporal and hyperspatial imagery from unmanned aerial system. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188:146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4996-2
Montgomery JS, Hopkinson C, Brisco B, Patterson S, Rood SB (2018) Wetland hydroperiod classification in the western prairies using multitemporal synthetic aperture radar. Hydrological Processes 32:1476–1490. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.11506
Mortenson SG, Weisberg PJ (2010) Does river regulation increase the dominance of invasive woody species in riparian landscapes? Global Ecology and Biogeography 19:562–574. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00533.x
Nagler PL, Glenn EP, Jarnevich CS, Shafroth PB (2011) Distribution and abundance of saltcedar and Russian olive in the western United States. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 30:508–523. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2011.615689
Nagler PL, Nguyen U, Bateman HL, Jarchow CJ, Glenn EP, Waugh WJ, van Riper IIIC (2018) Northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) and tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) interactions in the Colorado River basin. Restoration Ecology 26:348–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12575
Naiman RJ, Decamps H (1997) The ecology of interfaces: riparian zones. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 28:621–658. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.621
Naiman RJ, Decamps H, Pollock M (1993) The role of riparian corridors in maintaining regional biodiversity. Ecological Applications 3:209–212. https://doi.org/10.2307/1941822
Naiman RJ, Decamps H, McClain ME (2005) Riparia: ecology, conservation, and management of streamside communities. Elsevier Academic Press, Burlington
Nanson GC, Beach HF (1977) Forest succession and sedimentation on a meandering-river floodplain, Northeast British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Biogeography 1:229–251 https://www.jstor.org/stable/3038059. Accessed 15 Nov 2020
Nilsson C, Svedmark M (2002) Basic principles and ecological consequences of changing water regimes: riparian plant communities. Environmental Management 30:468–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-002-2735-2
Osborne LL, Kovacic DA (1993) Riparian vegetated buffer strips in water-quality restoration and stream management. Freshwater Biology 29:243–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1993.tb00761.x
Palmer MA, Reidy Liermann CA, Nilsson C, Flörke M, Alcamo J, Lake PS, Bond N (2008) Climate change and the world's river basins: anticipating management options. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6:81–89. https://doi.org/10.1890/060148
Perry LG, Andersen DC, Reynolds LV, Nelson SM, Shafroth PB (2012) Vulnerability of riparian ecosystems to elevated CO2 and climate change in arid and semiarid western North America. Global Change Biology 18:821–842. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02588.x
Perry LG, Reynolds LV, Beechie TJ, Collins M, Shafroth PB (2015) Incorporating climate change projections into riparian restoration planning and design. Ecohydrology 8:863–879. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1645
Peterjohn WT, Correll DL (1984) Nutrient dynamics in an agricultural watershed: observations on the role of a riparian forest. Ecology 65:1466–1475. https://doi.org/10.2307/1939127
Philipsen LJ, Romuld MA, Rood SB (2020) Floodplain forest dynamics: half-century floods enable pulses of geomorphic disturbance and cottonwood colonization along a prairie river. River Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3740
Planet Team (2017) Planet Application Program Interface: In Space for Life on Earth. Planet Labs Inc., San Francisco https://api.planet.com. Accessed 6 Apr 2020
Poff NL, Ward JV (1989) Implications of streamflow variability and predictability for lotic community structure: a regional analysis of streamflow patterns. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46:1805–1818. https://doi.org/10.1139/f89-228
Poff NL, Allan JD, Bain MB, Karr JR, Prestegaard KL, Richter BD, Sparks RE, Stromberg JC (1997) The natural flow regime. BioScience 47:769–784. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1313099. Accessed 15 Nov 2020
Poff NL, Richter BD, Arthington AH, Bunn SE, Naiman RJ, Kendy E, Acreman M, Apse C, Bledsoe BP, Freeman MC, Henriksen J (2010) The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for develo** regional environmental flow standards. Freshwater Biology 55:147–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02204.x
Polzin ML, Rood SB (2006) Effective disturbance: seedling safe sites and patch recruitment of riparian cottonwoods after a major flood of a mountain river. Wetlands 26:965–980. https://doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2006)26[965:EDSSSA]2.0.CO;2
Richardson DM, Holmes PM, Esler KJ, Galatowitsch SM, Stromberg JC, Kirkman SP, Pyšek P, Hobbs RJ (2007) Riparian vegetation: degradation, alien plant invasions, and restoration prospects. Diversity and Distributions 13:126–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2006.00314.x
Riis T, Kelly-Quinn M, Aguiar FC, Manolaki P, Bruno D, Bejarano MD, Clerici N, Fernandes MR, Franco JC, Pettit N, Portela AP (2020) Global overview of ecosystem services provided by riparian vegetation. BioScience 70:501–514. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa041
Rood SB, Kaluthota S (2020) Cottonwood seed dispersal phenology across North America and worldwide: tracking ‘summer snow’ through an internet search. Wetlands:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01369-3
Rood SB, Mahoney JM (1990) Collapse of riparian poplar forests downstream from dams in western prairies: probable causes and prospects for mitigation. Environmental Management 14:451–464. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02394134
Rood SB, Gourley CR, Ammon EM, Heki LG, Klotz JR, Morrison ML, Mosley D, Scoppettone GG, Swanson S, Wagner PL (2003) Flows for floodplain forests: a successful riparian restoration. BioScience 53:647–656. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0647:FFFFAS]2.0.CO;2
Rood SB, Samuelson GM, Braatne JH, Gourley CR, Hughes FMR, Mahoney JM (2005) Managing river flows to restore floodplain forests. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:193–201. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0193:MRFTRF]2.0.CO;2
Rood SB, Pan J, Gill KM, Franks CG, Samuelson GM, Shepherd A (2008) Declining summer flows of Rocky Mountain rivers: changing seasonal hydrology and probable impacts on floodplain forests. Journal of Hydrology 349:397–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.012
Salo J, Gage E, Katz G, Stoker J (2020) Assessing Preble’s meadow jum** mouse (Zapus hudsonius preblei) habitat and connectivity for conservation and restoration. Wetlands:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01374-6
Scott ML, Friedman JM, Auble GT (1996) Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees. Geomorphology 14:327–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(95)00046-8
Scott ML, Auble GT, Friedman JM (1997) Flood dependency of cottonwood establishment along the Missouri River, Montana, USA. Ecological Applications 7:677–690. https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(1997)007[0677:FDOCEA]2.0.CO;2
Seavy NE, Gardali T, Golet GH, Griggs FT, Howell CA, Kelsey R, Small SL, Viers JH, Weigand JF (2009) Why climate change makes riparian restoration more important than ever: recommendations for practice and research. Ecological Restoration 27:330–338. https://doi.org/10.3368/er.27.3.330
Shafroth PB, Cleverly JR, Dudley TL, Taylor JP, Riper CV, Weeks EP, Stuart JN (2005) Control of Tamarix in the western United States: implications for water salvage, wildlife use, and riparian restoration. Environmental Management 35:231–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0099-5
Shafroth PB, Beauchamp VB, Briggs MK, Lair K, Scott ML, Sher AA (2008) Planning riparian restoration in the context of Tamarix control in western North America. Restoration Ecology 16:97–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00360.x
Sher AA, Quigley M (Editors) (2013) Tamarix: a case study of ecological change in the American west. Oxford, New York. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199898206.001.0001
Sher AA, Clark L, Henry AL, Goetz AR, González E, Tyagi A, Simpson I, Bourgeois B (2020) The human element of restoration success: manager characteristics affect vegetation recovery following invasive Tamarix control. Wetlands:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01370-w
Silvertown J (2009) A new dawn for citizen science. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24:467–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.03.017
Steiger J, Tabacchi E, Dufour S, Corenblit D, Peiry JL (2005) Hydrogeomorphic processes affecting riparian habitat within alluvial channel–floodplain river systems: a review for the temperate zone. River Research and Applications 21:719–737. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.879
Stella JC, Rodríguez-González PM, Dufour S, Bendix J (2013) Riparian vegetation research in Mediterranean-climate regions: common patterns, ecological processes, and considerations for management. Hydrobiologia 719:291–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1304-9
Stromberg JC, Lite SJ, Marler R, Paradzick C, Shafroth PB, Shorrock D, White J, White M (2007) Altered streamflow regimes and invasive plant species: the Tamarix case. Global Ecology and Biogeography 16:381–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00297.x
Stromberg JC, McCluney KE, Dixon MD, Meixner T (2013) Dryland riparian ecosystems in the American southwest: sensitivity and resilience to climatic extremes. Ecosystems 16:411–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-012-9606-3
Tabacchi E, Lambs L, Guilloy H, Planty-Tabacchi AM, Muller E, Decamps H (2000) Impacts of riparian vegetation on hydrological processes. Hydrological Processes 14:2959–2976. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2959::AID-HYP129>3.0.CO;2-B
Thomas FM, Lang P (2020) Growth and water relations of riparian poplar forests under pressure in Central Asia’s Tarim River basin. River Research and Applications (in press) https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3605
Vannote RL, Minshall GW, Cummins KW, Sedell JR, Cushing CE (1980) The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37:130–137. https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-017
Volke MA, Scott ML, JohnsonWC DMD (2015) The ecological significance of emerging deltas in regulated rivers. BioScience 65:598–611. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv040
Volke MA, Johnson WC, Dixon MD, Scott ML (2019) Emerging reservoir delta-backwaters: biophysical dynamics and riparian biodiversity. Ecological Monographs 89(3):e01363. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1363
Walker LR, Zasada JC, Chapin FS III (1986) The role of life history processes in primary succession on an Alaskan floodplain. Ecology 67:1243–1253. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938680
Wohl E, Bledsoe BP, Jacobson RB, Poff NL, Rathburn SL, Walters DM, Wilcox AC (2015) The natural sediment regime in rivers: broadening the foundation for ecosystem management. BioScience 65:358–371. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv002
Acknowledgements
We extend thanks to the many participants at the Denver SWS riparian symposia, and especially David Merritt (USDA, CO) who organized a parallel symposium on riparian response guilds, and to Jonathan Friedman (USGS, CO) and two anonymous reviewers for helpful text revisions. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Funding
Funding to SBR was provided by Alberta Innovates and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All of the co-authors contributed to the paper outline. SBR undertook the initial draft, with first revisions from MLS. The other co-authors, MD, EG, COM, PBS and MAV then each contributed to the content and text.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest.
Ethics Approval
not applicable.
Consent to Participate
not applicable.
Consent for Publication
not applicable.
Code Availability
not applicable
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rood, S.B., Scott, M.L., Dixon, M. et al. Ecological Interfaces between Land and Flowing Water: Themes and Trends in Riparian Research and Management. Wetlands 40, 1801–1811 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01392-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01392-4