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Analysis of the influence of different groundwater flow conditions on the thermal response test in Tangshan

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Abstract

Comprehensive thermal conductivity of the rock and soil is generally measured by thermal response test ignoring the effect on groundwater flow. However, the influence of the groundwater flow on thermal conductivity is drastic, so the design of ground heat exchangers with no consideration of groundwater flow is inaccurate. Tangshan is distributed in the river alluvial–proluvial fan of Luanhe River system and groundwater flow rapidly. Hence, analysis of thermal conductivity with thinking about groundwater flow is necessary. In this paper, the comprehensive thermal conductivity within depth of 100 m in Tangshan is measured by two methods: thermal response test and laboratory experiment. Pum** test and tracer test are implemented to simulate of groundwater flow field with different flow conditions. Test results show that: (1) Laboratory experiment results cannot truly represent the comprehensive thermal conductivity of layers. The average thermal conductivity of natural flow field is 23% higher than the laboratory experiment weighted results. (2) The comprehensive thermal conductivity increased 23% with the groundwater flow from the 1.026 to 4.176 m/d. Acceleration of groundwater flow is propitious to improve the thermal conductivity. (3) With the increase in groundwater flow, the initial temperature of ground decreases about 2.3 °C, the results of the stable thermal flow test and the stable operation condition test gradually rise slightly. So acceleration of groundwater flow is conducive to heat exchange. It is proved that the influence of groundwater flow cannot be ignored.

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Abbreviations

λ :

Thermal conductivity

C :

Specific heat

(S s ):

Small drawdown in pum** test

(S d ):

Deep drawdown in pum** test

Q :

Specific discharge of pum** well

M :

Aquifer thickness

S w :

Drawdown of pum** well

S o :

Drawdown of groundwater observation well

r 2 :

Distance between the observation well and the pum** well

r w :

Radius of pum** well

K c :

Permeability calculated values

V c :

Groundwater flow calculated values

I :

Hydraulic gradient

V m :

Actual groundwater flow

S :

Distance between tracer well and pum** well

t 1 :

The time of conductivity reach the peak conductivity

t 2 :

The time start to throw salt

t :

The cumulative time from conductivity begin increase to reach the peak conductivity

I m :

Actual hydraulic gradient

k m :

Actual permeability

T f (t):

Average water temperature of import and export

q l :

Heat exchange capacity per meter

a :

Thermal diffusivity

r :

Well radius

γ :

Constant of 0.5772

R b :

Thermal resistance

T 0 :

Initial formation temperature

k :

Permeability

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Nos. 2012AA052801, 2012AA052803), the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41372239). The authors gratefully acknowledge the anonymous referees for their helpful suggestions and corrections on the earlier draft of our paper, on which we have improved the content.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China

    Yanjun Zhang, Jianing Zhang, Ziwang Yu, Liangliang Guo & Shuren Hao

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  1. Yanjun Zhang
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  2. Jianing Zhang
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  3. Ziwang Yu
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  4. Liangliang Guo
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  5. Shuren Hao
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Correspondence to Jianing Zhang.

Additional information

This article is part of a Topical Collection in Environmental Earth Sciences on ‘‘Subsurface Energy Storage II’’, guest edited by Zhonghe Pang, Yanlong Kong, Haibing Shao, and Olaf Kolditz.

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Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Yu, Z. et al. Analysis of the influence of different groundwater flow conditions on the thermal response test in Tangshan. Environ Earth Sci 75, 1444 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6247-4

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