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Bioactive Potential of Baby Corn Silk: In-Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-diabetic, and Anti-gout Activities

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Abstract

Purpose

To analyse phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity and α-amylase, α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory potential of corn silk extracts derived from the Syngenta 5414 corn variety.

Methods

Corn silk sample was lyophilized and extracted using 80% ethanol, methanol, water or acetone. Phytochemicals were qualitatively screened and bioactive compounds were identified through GCMS. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated using the agar well method for bacteria and fungal biomass method for fungi. The extracts were subjected to evaluation for their antidiabetic activity through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays, while their anti-gout potential was assessed through xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay, encompassing all four solvent extracts in the study.

Results

Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, sterols, protein xanthoproteic, and cardiac glycosides in the extracts. The Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 assays demonstrated higher yields of phenolics and flavonoids in 80% ethanolic extract. Furthermore, the extracts remarkably scavenged reactive oxygen species like DPPH, ABTS and elicited considerable ferric ion reducing antioxidant power. GC–MS analysis identified 21 compounds in the 80% ethanolic extract, with 1,2,3-Propanetriol-1-acetate, n-Hexadecanoic acid, and 4H-Pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- as major components. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated the ethanolic (80%) and methanolic extract's remarkable ability to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and exhibit anti-fungal properties. The ethanolic (80%) extract exhibited an IC50 value of 0.70 ± 0.02 and 0.71 ± 0.01 mg against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively, and 33.76 ± 0.43 mg against xanthine oxidase.

Conclusion

Corn silk exhibits potential as a valuable reservoir of natural bioactive compounds endowed with a wide array of health-promoting properties.

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Data Availability

The datasets analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

H. S. Sahana has received research support by University Grants Commission India (UGCES-22-GE-KAR-F-SJSGC-11828).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India

    Sahana Hosanagara Shankaranarayana & Vijayalaxmi Karki Gajanana

  2. Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India

    Mohan Chavan

  3. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India

    Suvarna V. Chavannavar

  4. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, All India Coordinated Research Project on Post Harvest Engineering & Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru, India

    Shobha Doddanagappa

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  1. Sahana Hosanagara Shankaranarayana
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  5. Shobha Doddanagappa
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Sample collection, analysis and the first manuscript draft were written by Sahana, H. S. and all authors have contributed to review and edit the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sahana Hosanagara Shankaranarayana.

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Vijayalaxmi, K. G., Mohan Chavan, Suvarna, V. Chavannavar and Shobha, D. declare they have no financial interests. H. S. Sahana has received research support by University Grants Commission India (UGCES-22-GE-KAR-F-SJSGC-11828).

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Shankaranarayana, S.H., Gajanana, V.K., Chavan, M. et al. Bioactive Potential of Baby Corn Silk: In-Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-diabetic, and Anti-gout Activities. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 4353–4372 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-024-02443-1

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