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Effect of phenol on embryo development and expression of metallothionein in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus

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Abstract

In this study, we identified and cloned the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus MT (Hp-MT) mRNA. We examined the gameto- and embryo-toxic effects and the expression of Hp-MT mRNA at various concentrations of phenol in H. pulcherrimus. We found that the normal embryogenesis rate was significantly inhibited when H. pulcherrimus was exposed to phenol (EC50 = 1565.86 ppb, 95% Cl = 1183.47-2037.84 ppb). The no observed effective concentration (NOEC) and the lowest observed effective concentration (LOEC) of the normal embryogenesis rate were < 10 ppb and 100 ppb, respectively. Hp-MT cDNA is 651 bp in length and encodes a protein of 64 amino acids. We found that the expression of Hp-MT mRNA was significantly increased with phenol treatment in a concentrationdependent manner. These results suggest that phenol at greater than 100 ppb has a toxic effect during the early embryonic stages of H. pulcherrimus, and MT mRNA may be used as a biomarker for risk assessment of phenol contamination.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Ecological Risk Assessment Center, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Incheon, 22383, Korea

    Un-Ki Hwang, Ju-Wook Lee & Hyang-Mi Ryu

  2. Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea

    Ju-Chan Kang

  3. MS BioLab, Daejeon, 34574, Korea

    Han Seung Kang

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  1. Un-Ki Hwang
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  2. Ju-Wook Lee
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  5. Han Seung Kang
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Correspondence to Han Seung Kang.

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Hwang, UK., Lee, JW., Ryu, HM. et al. Effect of phenol on embryo development and expression of metallothionein in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus . Ocean Sci. J. 50, 701–708 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-015-0063-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12601-015-0063-8

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