Abstract
The lunar map is a product of primary scientific objectives of lunar exploration. Aiming at the characteristics of the Chang’E-2 CCD data, an automatic stitching method used for 2C level CCD data from Chang’E-2 lunar mission is proposed. Combining with the image registration technique and the characteristics of Chang’E CCD images, the fast method proposed not only can overcome the contradiction of the high spatial resolution of the CCD images and the low positioning accuracy of the location coordinates, but also can speed up the processing and minimize the utilization of human resources to produce lunar mosaic map. Meanwhile, a new lunar map from 70ºN to 70ºS with spatial resolution of less than 10 m has been completed by the proposed method. Its average relative location accuracy of the adjacent orbits CCD image data is less than 3 pixels.
Similar content being viewed by others
References Cited
Akademia, N., Barabashov., Nokolai P., et al., 1960. Atlas Obratnoi Stornony Luny. Izd-vo-Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva (in Russian)
Archinal, B. A., Rosiek, M. R., Kirk, R. L., et al., 2006. Completion of the Unified Lunar Control Network 2005 and Topographic Model. In: Proceedings of 37th Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII. Houston, Texas, USA. 2310
Dunkin, S. K., Heather, J. D., 2000. Remote Sensing of the Moon: The Past, Present and Future. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Exploration and Utilisation of the Moon: ICEUM-4. 10–14, July, Noordwijk, the Netherlands. 285–303
Eliason, E., Isbell, C., Lee, E., et al., 1999. The Clementine UVVIS Global Lunar Mosaic. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston
Fonseca, L. M. G., Manjunath, B. S, 1996. Registration Techniques for Multisensor Remotely Sensed Imagery. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 62(9): 1049–1056
Goswami, J. N., Annadurai, M., 2009. Chandrayaan-1: India’s First Planetary Science Mission to the Moon. Current Sci., 96: 486–491
Hansen, T. P., 1970. Guide to Lunar Orbiter Photographs: Lunar Orbiter Photographs and Maps Missions 1 through 5. NASA SP-242, 254, N71–36179
Harris, C., Stephens, M., 1988. A Combined Corner and Edge Detector. Proceedings of the Alvey Vision Conference, 47: 147–151. doi:10.5244/c.2.23
Haruyama, J., Hara, S., Hioki, K., et al., 2012. Lunar Global Digital Terrain Model Dataset Produced from SELENE (Kaguya) Terrain Camera Stereo Observations. In: Proceedings of 43rd the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 19–23, March, Woodlands, TX. 1200
Haruyama, J., Ohtake, M., Matsunaga, T., et al., 2008. Planned Radiometrically Calibrated and Geometrically Corrected Products of Lunar High-Resolution Terrain Camera on SELENE. Advances in Space Research, 42(2): 310–316. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.062
**, S. G., Arivazhagan, S., Araki, H., 2013. New Results and Questions of Lunar Exploration from SELENE, Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO/LCROSS. Advances in Space Research, 52(2): 285–305. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.022
Kumar, A. S. K., Chowdhury, A. R., Banerjee, A., et al., 2009. Terrain Map** Camera: A Stereoscopic High-Resolution Instrument on Chandrayaan-1. Currrent Sci., 96(4): 492–495
LaBelle, R. D., Garvey, S. D., 1995. Introduction to High Performance CCD Cameras. Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities, International Congress on IEEE. 18–21 Jul. 1995, Washington, USA 30/1–30/5
Li, C. L., Liu, J. J., Ren, X., et al., 2009. A New Global Image of the Moon by Chinese Chang’E Probe. In: Proceedings of 40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 23–27 Mar. 2009, The Woodlands, Texas,USA. 2568
Li, C. L., Liu, J. J., Ren, X., et al., 2010. The Global Image of the Moon Obtained by the Chang’E-1: Data Processing and Lunar Cartography. Science China Earth Sciences, 53(8): 1091–1102. doi:10.1007/s11430-010-4016-x
Liu, J. J., Ren, X., Tan, X., et al., 2013. Lunar Image Data Preprocessing and Quality Evaluation of CCD Stereo Camera on Chang’E-2. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 38(2): 186–190 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
Ouyang, Z. Y., 2010. Science Results of Chang’E-1 Lunar Orbiter and Mission Goals of Chang’E-2. Spacecraft Engineering, 19(5): 1–6 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
Ouyang, Z. Y., Li, C. L., Zou, Y. L., et al., 2010. Chang’E-1 Lunar Mission: An Overview and Primary Science Results. Chin. J. Space Sci., 30(5): 392–403
Scholten, F., Oberst, J., Matz, K. D., et al., 2012. GLD100: The Near-Global Lunar 100 m Raster DTM from LROC WAC Stereo Image Data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 117(E12). doi:10.1029/2011je003926
Speyerer, E. J., Robinson, M. S., Denevi, B. W., et al., 2011. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera Global Morphological Map of the Moon. In: Proceedings of 42nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. 7–11 Mar. 2011, the Woodlands, Texas, USA. 2387
Wang, J. R., Chen, S. B., Cui, T. F., 2010. Mosaic of Lunar Image from CCD Stereo Camera Onboard Chang’E-1 Orbiter. Chin. J. Space Sci., 30(6): 584–588 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
**a, J. C., Ren, X., Liu, J. J., et al., 2011. Image Coverage Analysis of Chang’E-2. 2011 4th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing. 15–17 Oct. 2011, Shanghai, China. 2066–2071. doi:10.1109/cisp.2011.6100556
**a, J. C., Ren, X., Liu, J. J., et al., 2012. Positioning of Lunar High-Precision Control Points on Chang’E-1/2 Original Images. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 42(Suppl. 2): 460–468 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
**nhua News Agency, 2012. China Released a High Resolution Global Map of the Moon. (2012-02-06) [2015-2-10]. http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2012/02-06/3646635.shtml
Xue, B., Zhao, B. C., Yang, J. F., et al., 2011. Auto-Compensation of Velocity-Height Ratio for Chang’E-2 Satellite CCD Stereo Camera. Science China Technological Sciences, 54(9): 2243–2246. doi:10.1007/s11431-011-4517-7
Ye, M. J., Li, J., Liang, Y. Y., et al., 2011. Automatic Seamless Stitching Method for CCD Images of Chang’E-1 Lunar Mission. Journal of Earth Science, 22(5): 610–618. doi:10.1007/s12583-011-0212-7
Zhang, J. X., Deng, K. Z., Cheng, C. Q., et al., 2010. Study on High-Accuracy Orientation with Lunar Remote Sensing Imagery. Journal of Remote Sensing, 14(3): 423–436
Zhao, B. C., Yang, J. F., Wen, D. S., et al., 2009. Design and On-Orbit Measurement of Chang’E-1 Satellite CCD Stereo Camera. Spacecraft Engineering, 18(1): 30–36 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zhao, B. C., Yang, J. F., Wen, D. S., et al., 2011. Chang’E-2 Lunar Orbiter CCD Stereo Camera Design and Validation. Spacecraft Engineering, 20(1): 14–21 (in Chinese with English Abstract)
Zitová, B., Flusser, J., 2003. Image Registration Methods: A Survey. Image and Vision Computing, 21(11): 977–1000. doi:10.1016/s0262-8856(03)00137-9
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers who provided very helpful and useful suggestions for the paper. This work was supported in part by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macau, China (Nos. 048/2016/A2, 110/2014/A3, 091/2013/A3, 084/2012/A3, and 048/2012/A2), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61170320 and 61272364), and the Open Project Program of the State Key Lab of CAD & CG of Zhejiang University (No. A1513). The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0737-5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Zhi Li: http://orcid-org/0000-0001-7494-3018
Zhanchuan Cai: http://orcid-org/0000-0002-6954-7691
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Z., Ye, M., Cai, Z. et al. Automatic stitching method for Chang’E-2 CCD images of the Moon. J. Earth Sci. 28, 168–179 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0737-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-017-0737-5