Abstract
This paper deals with the coordinated output regulation problem of heterogeneous multi-agent systems under switching disconnected topologies. The main difficulty is that the outputs of some disconnected agents can inevitably deviate from the divergent trajectories of exosystems across some periods. To break through this challenge, we propose an interesting approach named piecewise time unit approach, in which each switching interval consists of several time units. By analyzing the trajectories of error states under the distributed observer-based control, the decreasing properties of switching behaviors can be obtained to overcome the divergence of error states. Based on this, the sufficient conditions guaranteeing the output regulation can be obtained. Finally, a simulation example is given to demonstrate our results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Wu, J. Liu, and Z. Wang “Distributed resilient tracking of multiagent systems under actuator and sensor faults,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, pp. 1–12, 2021. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2021.3132380
K. Subramanian, P. Muthukumar, and Y. H. Joo, “Leader-following consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems via reliable control with time-varying communication delay,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 17, pp. 298–306, 2019.
Y. Wu and Z. Wang, “Fuzzy adaptive practical fixed-time consensus for second-order nonlinear multiagent systems under actuator faults,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 1150–1162, March 2021.
A. Zhang, D. Zhou, and P. Yang, “Event-triggered finite-time consensus with fully continuous communication free for second-order multi-agent systems,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 17, pp. 836–846, 2019.
H. Ni, Z. Xu, and J. Cheng, “Robust stochastic sampled-data-based output consensus of heterogeneous multi-agent systems subject to random DoS attack: A Markovian jum** system approach,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 17, pp. 1687–1698, 2019.
J. Sun and Z. Wang, “Consensus of multi-agent systems with intermittent communications via sampling time unit approach,” Neurocomputing, vol. 397, pp. 149–159, July 2020.
J. Sun, Z. S. Wang, and N. N. Rong, “Sampled-data consensus of multiagent systems with switching jointly connected topologies via time-varying Lyapunov function approach,” Internernational Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 30, no. 14, pp. 5369–5385, July 2020.
J. Sun, Z. Wang, and X. Fan, “Periodic event-triggered consensus control for multi-agent systems with switching jointly connected topologies,” IET Control Theory and Applications, vol. 14, no. 19, pp. 3282–3290, December 2020.
L. Hao, X. Zhan, and J. Wu, “Fixed-time group consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems via pinning control,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 19, pp. 200–208, 2021.
J. Sun, C. Guo, and L. Liu, “Consensus of piecewise time-varying multi-agent systems with switching topologies,” Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, vol. 44, no. 13, pp. 2522–2531, 2022.
J. Sun, C. Guo, and Q. Shan, “Consensus of multiagent systems with switching disconnected topologies via elementary-unit-based dwell time approach,” Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society, vol. 2022, p. 3063471, 2022.
Z. Ding, “Consensus output regulation of a class of heterogeneous nonlinear systems,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2648–2653, October 2013.
X. Chen and Z. Chen, “Robust sampled-data output synchronization of nonlinear heterogeneous multi-agents,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 1458–1464, June 2016.
D. Zhang, L. Liu, and G. Feng, “Consensus of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems subject to aperiodic sampled-data and DoS attack,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1501–1511, April 2019.
J. Sun and Z. Wang, “Event-triggered consensus control of high-order multi-agent systems with arbitrary switching topologies via model partitioning approach,” Neurocomputing, vol. 413, pp. 14–22, November 2020.
J. Liu, J. Fang, and Z. Li, “Time-varying formation tracking for second-order multi-agent systems subjected to switching topology and input saturation,” International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, vol. 18, pp. 991–1001, 2020.
L. Liang, J. Cheng, and J. Cao, “Proportional-integral observer-based state estimation for singularly perturbed complex networks with cyberattacks,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Netwoks and Learning Systems, pp. 1–11, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2022.3160627
J. Cheng, Y. Wang, and J. H. Park, “Static output feedback quantized control for fuzzy Markovian switching singularly perturbed systems with deception attacks,” IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1036–1047, 2022.
J. Cheng, J. Park, and Z. Wu, “Ultimate boundedness control for networked singularly perturbed systems with deception attacks: A Markovian communication protocol approach,” IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 445–456, 2022.
J. Cheng, L. Liang, and J. H. Park, “A dynamic event-triggered approach to state estimation for switched memristive neural networks with nonhomogeneous sojourn probabilities,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 68, no. 12, pp. 4924–4934, 2021.
Y. Su and J. Huang, “Cooperative output regulation with application to multi-agent consensus under switching network,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 864–875, January 2012.
W. Liu and J. Huang, “Cooperative adaptive output regulation for second-order nonlinear multiagent systems with jointly connected switching networks,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 695–705, March 2018.
B. Cheng, X. Wang, and Z. Li, “Event-triggered consensus of homogeneous and heterogeneous multiagent systems with jointly connected switching topologies,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 4421–4430, December 2019.
W. Hu, L. Liu, and G. Feng, “Event-triggered cooperative output regulation of linear multi-agent systems under jointly connected topologies,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 1317–1322, March 2019.
W. Liu and J. Huang, “Cooperative adaptive output regulation for lower triangular nonlinear multi-agent systems subject to jointly connected switching networks,” IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 1724–1734, 2020.
Z. Meng, T. Yang, and D. V. Dimarogonas, “Coordinated output regulation of heterogeneous linear systems under switching topologies,” Automatica, vol. 53, pp. 362–368, February 2015.
H. F. Grip, T. Yang, and A. Saberi, “Output synchronization for heterogeneous networks of non-introspective agents,” Automatica, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 2444–2453, October 2012.
Z. Wang, J. Sun, and H. G. Zhang, “Stability analysis of T-S fuzzy control system with sampled-dropouts based on time-varying Lyapunov function method,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 2566–2577, July 2020.
W. **ang and J. **ao, “Stabilization of switched continuous-time systems with all modes unstable via dwell time switching,” Automatica, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 940–945, April 2014.
G. Tan and Z. Wang, “Stability analysis of systems with time-varying delay via a delay product-type integral inequality,” Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 6535–6545, 2022.
Y. Mu, H. Zhang, and R. **, “Fault-tolerant control of nonlinear systems with actuator and sensor faults based on T-S model and fuzzy observer,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 5795–5804, 2022.
Y. Mu, H. Zhang, and S. Sun, “Robust non-fragile proportional plus derivative state feedback control for a class of uncertain Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy singular systems,” Journal of the Franklin Institute, vol. 356, no. 12, pp. 6208–6225, May 2019.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Jian Sun received his B.S. degree in automatic control from the Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, China, in 2014, an M.S. degree in control science and engineering from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, in 2016, and a Ph.D. degree in control theory and control engineering from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, in 2020. He is currently a post doctoral in control science and engineering in Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China. His current research interests include multi-agent systems, switching topology, and switched systems.
Chen Guo received his B.S. degree from the Department of Automatic Control, Chongqing University, China, in 1982, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees both in marine engineering automation from Dalian Maritime University, China, in 1985 and 1992, respectively. He is currently a Doctoral Supervisor with the Institute of Ship Automation and Simulator, Dalian Maritime University. He is a Chairman of the Degree Evaluation Committee of Control Science and Engineering, a Principal of the First Level Discipline of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University. He is mainly engaged in marine automatic control systems, marine engine system simulation, and intelligent control theory and application.
Lei Liu received his B.S. degree in information and computing science and an M.S. degree in applied mathematics from the Liaoning University of Technology, **zhou, China, in 2010 and 2013, respectively. He received a Ph.D. degree in control theory and control engineering from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, in 2017. He is currently a Professor with the College of Science, Liaoning University of Technology, **zhou. His current research interests include fault-tolerant control, optimal control, neural network control, and fuzzy control and their industrial applications.
Qihe Shan received his B.S. degree in mathematics from the Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, in 2009, an M.S. degree in fundamental mathematics from Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian, in 2012, and a Ph.D. degree in control theory and control engineering from Northeastern University, Shenyang, China, in 2017. He is currently an associate professor in Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China. His current research interests include consensus control and strict containment control of multi-agent systems under complicated noise environment, and distributed optimization theory and its application in the field of intelligent ship.
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 51879027, 51579024, and Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China under Grant 3620081006.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, J., Guo, C., Liu, L. et al. Coordinated Output Regulation of Heterogeneous Multi-agent Systems Under Switching Disconnected Topologies. Int. J. Control Autom. Syst. 21, 1165–1174 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-022-0043-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-022-0043-6