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Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in China

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Abstract

The Devonian-Carboniferous transition is marked by major perturbations to the Earth’s climate system and marine redox conditions, a first-order mass extinction, and the succeeding marine ecosystem recovery, recording a sequence of environmental and biotic events. In South China, there exist numerous well-preserved and continuous Devonian-Carboniferous boundary successions that were formed in low-latitude passive margin basin, and this presents a unique opportunity to decipher the strata along a proximal to basinal transect using integrated biostratigraphical, event-stratigraphical, and geochemical approaches. Our geochemical data (δ13Ccarb, δ15Nbulk, δ238U and Mo/U enrichments, I/Ca ratio) indicated local and global C-N cycling perturbations and marine anoxia in the main phase of the Hangenberg Crisis interval (Middle Siphonodella praesulcata Zone), which coincided with a major regression in South China. Stromatoporoid biostromes and most typical Devonian faunas did not survive into the interval, and the deep-water black shales yield only opportunistic survivors, such as ammonoid Postclymenia cf. evoluta and bivalve Guerichina, along with miospores belonging to the LN Zone. The upper Hangenberg Crisis interval (Upper Si. praesulcata Zone, equal to the Protognathodus kockeli Zone) is marked by initial post-glacial transgression, a global δ13Ccarb spike, and opportunistic faunal blooms, coincident with conodont biofacies shift to the polygnathid-protognathodid biofacies. The Protognathodus fauna, nearly absent from platform facies, is often found in the condensed upper crisis interval of the basin, slope, and platform margin facies within the Youjiang Basin, although the abundance is extremely low and the phylogenetic lineage of Pr. meischneri-Pr. collinsoni-Pr. kockeli cannot be recognised in most successions. In South China, the first occurrence of Pr. kockeli seems to correspond to lithofacies changes, recorded in the first level of transgression just above the Hangenberg Sandstone event. Multiple lines of evidence, including great spatial heterogeneity of δ13Ccarb and δ15Nbulk records, extremes of redox proxies, and lack of macrofossils, suggest that marine habitats remained in a critical/turbulent state during the Upper Si. praesulcata Zone, triggering the opportunistic blooms and minor extinctions. Following the crisis intervals, radiation/recovery of many fossil groups did not occur until the upper part of the Siphonodella sulcata Zone to the Si. duplicata Zone. In particular, a negative shift of δ13Ccarb to pre-crisis values occurring near the base of the Si. sulcata/Pr. kuehni Zone could be recognised worldwide. The research history, current status, and achievement of Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in China are briefly reviewed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M. Aretz and C. Corradini for organising this special issue and their valuable comments.

Funding

This study was financially supported by Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB26000000) and NSFC grant (91955201, 41772004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nan**g Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nan**g, 210008, China

    Wenkun Qie, Bo Chen & Kun Liang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei**g, 100049, China

    Wenkun Qie & Junying Chang

  3. School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Bei**g, 100871, China

    Yuanlin Sun & Ting Nie

  4. Nan**g Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nan**g, 210008, China

    Wen Guo & Junjun Song

  5. Guangxi Institute of Regional Geological Survey, Guilin, 541003, China

    Baoan Yin & Shupeng Han

  6. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research and School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nan**g University, Nan**g, 210023, China

    **angdong Wang

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  1. Wenkun Qie
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Correspondence to Wenkun Qie.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue “Global review of the Devonian-Carboniferous Boundary”

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Qie, W., Sun, Y., Guo, W. et al. Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in China. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 101, 589–611 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-021-00494-z

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