Abstract
The Spotted sardinella Amblygaster sirm are small pelagic fish that are important protein source to coastal communities in the Indo-West Pacific. In this study, a cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene of A. sirm from Tanzania was amplified to assess the species’ genetic structure and demographic history. All individuals collected were identified using both morphological examination and genetic barcoding as A. sirm. A total of 19 haplotypes were found in the dataset, with low overall nucleotide (π = 0.13 ± 0.001) and moderate haplotype diversities (h = 0.45 ± 0.07). AMOVA revealed a very low and non-significant genetic differentiation in the dataset (Fst = 0.002, Фst = −0.004, p > 0.05), indicating a lack of population structure. The minimum spanning haplotype network revealed additional evidence for the lack of population structure, which grouped all the sampled haplotypes into one cluster, regardless of their geographical regions. The Tajima’s D, Fu’s Fs tests, and mismatch distribution analyses supported a hypothesis of recent demographic expansion. The lack of population structure identified suggests that the fishery should be treated as a single-stock management unit, consistent with the existing management regime for the species in Mainland Tanzania that currently does not consider genetic structure in managing the fishery. The lack of population structure suggests that populations with low genetic diversity, such as Dar es Salaam, can rebuild by recruiting from other sites if regulations against unsustainable fishing are strictly enforced.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Western Indian Ocean Marine Sciences Association (WIOMSA) through the MARG I 2019 program for financial support to conduct this study. The authors also would like to thank the Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI) and the Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS) for hosting and providing logistical support. Thanks to the College of Natural and Applied Sciences (CoNAS) of the Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) for providing space for molecular laboratory analysis. The authors appreciate the assistance of Asha Said and Alex Zuberi at the Department of Biosciences, SUA, during sample analysis in the lab. Also, the authors would like to thank all anonymous reviewers whose comments and advice helped improve this manuscript.
Funding
This study was funded by the Western Indian Ocean Marine Sciences Association (WIOMSA) through the MARG I 2019 program.
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All applicable international guidelines for animal testing and the use of animals were followed by the authors.
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All necessary permits for sampling and observational field studies have been obtained by the authors from the competent authorities and are mentioned in the acknowledgements. The study is compliant with CBD and Nagoya protocols.
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The dataset of all COI sequences are available in the GenBank repository with the accession numbers ON631654 - ON631731.
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The study was conceptualized, planned, and carried out by Fabiani G and Chauka JL. Fabiani G and Rumisha C analyzed laboratory molecular samples. Fabiani G and Mtonga JC conducted a statistical analysis of the data. Mtonga JC and Fabiani G wrote the manuscript. Muhando AC, Chauka JL, and Rumisha C revised the manuscript. The final paper was read and approved by all authors.
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Fabiani, G., Mtonga, C.J., Chauka, L.J. et al. Mitochondrial DNA revealed a single stock structure of the Spotted sardinella Amblygaster sirm (Walbaum, 1792) (Teleostei; Clupeidae) in Tanzanian coastal waters. Mar. Biodivers. 53, 40 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-023-01351-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-023-01351-2