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Platelet-based bioactive systems guided precision targeting and immune regulation for cancer therapy

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Abstract

The antitumor effects of conventional drug carriers are often attenuated and limited in application by biological barriers associated with tumor heterogeneity and resistance brought about by low tumor immunogenicity. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, naturally derived bioactive materials, and live cell carriers, a promising strategy emerges for targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) for precision cancer therapy. The unique injury-targeting properties of platelets can significantly extend functional activity, which cannot be achieved with conventional nanocarriers. In this review, three strategies based on plateletengineered materials are systematically described, namely nanoparticles for platelet membrane camouflage, engineered activated platelets, and targeted-platelets nanosystems. Platelet-based nanomaterials can effectively coordinate local and distant tumor-host crosstalk with controlled active tumor site recognition and killing effects due to the presence of specific membrane proteins on the surface and the self-secretion of a large number of particles. Further advances in platelets for effectively overcoming biological barriers and reducing immune resistance in cancer immunotherapy applications will be discussed in future clinical practice. This review provides an overview of recent research advances in platelet-based bioactive material-directed immunotherapy and chemotherapy to inform future antitumor combination therapies.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2022YFC2402400 and 2023YFA0915400), Guangdong Provincial Key Area R&D Program (No. 2020B1111540001), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Nos. 2024A1515010825, 2024A1515030063, 2022A1515010780, and 2022A1515011337), Guangdong Province Universities and Colleges Characteristic Innovation (No. 2021KTSCX036), Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project of Guangdong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau (No. 20221206), Shenzhen Medical Research Fund (No. A2303057), Discipline Construction Project of Guangdong Medical University (No. 4SG24015G), Construction Project of Nano Technology and Application Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Medical University (No. 4SG24179G) and Funds for PHD researchers of Guangdong Medical University in 2024.

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  1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    **nyi Cai, Lintao Cai & Hong Pan

  2. School of pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China

    **nyi Cai, Long Qiu, Zhenying Diao & Ting Yin

  3. Sino-Euro Center of Biomedicine and Health, Shenzhen, 518024, China

    Lintao Cai & Hong Pan

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  1. **nyi Cai
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  2. Long Qiu
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Correspondence to Lintao Cai, Ting Yin or Hong Pan.

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Cai, X., Qiu, L., Diao, Z. et al. Platelet-based bioactive systems guided precision targeting and immune regulation for cancer therapy. Nano Res. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-024-6777-0

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