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Valorization of Passion Fruit Stalk by the Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers and Immobilization of Trypsin

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Abstract

Fibers from passion fruit stalks were first recovered with a pul** and bleaching process. Two mechanical treatments were further applied to the fibers, homogenization (with and without ultrasound), and blender application. The effect of those treatments on fibers was evaluated. The chemical composition of the different stages of fibers undergoing treatment were measured according to TAPPI standards and were also analyzed by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Trypsin was immobilized by adsorption and by covalent binding. The biocatalyst support-trypsin was evaluated in terms of immobilization yield, retention, and enzymatic activity. The experimental results demonstrated that the final cellulose concentration in the fibers was 44 % higher than that in the raw stalks. The cellulose nanofibers obtained by homogenization presented a size distribution between 20–200 nm, and the application of ultrasound did not show a significant effect on size (between 50 to 300 nm). Trypsin immobilized using glycidol presented an immobilization yield of 67 % and presented higher retention and enzymatic activity (1.17±0.05 U/mg protein and 44.0±2.0 %, respectively). These results show that passion fruit stalks can be successfully used as a source of cellulose nanofibers and also can be used as carriers for the immobilization of trypsin.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the financial support of Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Hermes code project 34573), COLCIENCIAS call 727–2015 National Doctorates. FONTAGRO (ATN/RF-16111-RG Productividad y Competitividad Frutícola Andina), and Erasmus+Programme Key Action 1. This work was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of the UID/BIO/04469/2020 unit and by the BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 — Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Manizales, Campus la Nubia Km 7 Vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales, 170003, Colombia

    Yeimy A. Rodriguez-Restrepo

  2. Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal

    Yeimy A. Rodriguez-Restrepo, Cristina M. R. Rocha & José A. Teixeira

  3. Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Física y Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales, Campus la Nubia Km 7 Vía al Aeropuerto, Manizales, 170003, Colombia

    Carlos E. Orrego

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  1. Yeimy A. Rodriguez-Restrepo
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Correspondence to Carlos E. Orrego.

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Rodriguez-Restrepo, Y.A., Rocha, C.M.R., Teixeira, J.A. et al. Valorization of Passion Fruit Stalk by the Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers and Immobilization of Trypsin. Fibers Polym 21, 2807–2816 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-020-1342-2

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