Abstract
Currently the control of prestressing force and cracks on concrete structures is designed deterministically. However, the statistical variations of materials could make additional error in the prediction and the control of errors. Therefore, to develop a probabilistic risk assessment technique in Prestressed Concrete (PSC) box girder railway bridges, the important random variables are determined by an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method for the risk assessment of the target PSC box girder bridge constructed by a Movable Scaffolding System (MSS) method. The limit state functions are determined to investigate the risk of tensile cracks in upper and lower flange concrete, just after the moving of scaffolding, and the risks of the prestressing loss at each construction stage. In order to compose the implicit limit state function of the target PSC railway bridge, the developed linear adaptive weighted response surface method combined with a first order second moment method is applied for the evaluation of reliabilities of the considered limit states.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ACI 318-02 (2002). Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, American Concrete Institute.
Andrieu, C., Djurich, P. M., and Doucet, A. (2001). “Model selection by MCMC computation.” Signal Processing, Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 19–37.
Argyris, M. and Papadrakakis, S. G. (2002). “Stochastic finite element analysis of shells, Comput.” Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., Vol. 191, No. 2, pp. 4781–4804.
Bazant, Z. P. and Baweja, S. (1995). “Justification and refinement of model B3 for concrete creep and shrinkage-1.” Statistics and Sensitivity, Mater Struct; Vol. 28, No. 181, pp. 415–430.
Box, G. E. P. and Wilson, K. B. (1951). “On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions.” Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Vol. B13, No. 1, pp. 1–45.
Bucher, C. G. and Bourgund, U. A. (1990). “Fast and efficient response surface approach for structural reliability problems.” Structural Safety, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 57–66.
Cheng, J. and Druzdzel, M. J. (2000). “An adaptive importance sampling algorithm for evidential reasoning in large bayesian networks.” Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 155–188.
Cho, T. (2007). “Prediction of cyclic freeze-thaw damage in concrete structures based upon response surface method.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 2031–2040.
Cho, T., Kim, T. S., Kyung, K. S., and Hwang, Y. K. (2010). “Fatigue reliability analysis for the crack propagation compared with LRFD specification.” International Journal of Steel Structures, Vol 10, No 1, pp. 35–49.
Deodatis, G. and Shinozuka, M. (1991). “The weighted integral method, II: Response variability and reliability.” J. Engng. Mech., Vol. 117, No. 8, pp. 1865–1877.
Engelund, S. and Rackwitz, R. (1993). “A benchmark study on importance sampling techniques in structural reliability.” Structural Safety, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 255–276.
Fishman, G. and Monte Carlo. (1995). Concepts, algorithms, and applications, Springer-Verlag.
Ghanem, R.-G. and Spanos, P.-D. (1991). Stochastic finite elements-a spectral approach, Berlin: Springer.
Gilbertson, C. G. and Ahlborn, T. M. (2004). “A probabilistic comparison of prestress loss methods in prestressed concrete beams.” PCI Journal, Vol. JL04, No. 5, pp. 52–61.
Guan, X. L. and Melchers, R. E. (2001). “Effect of response surface parameters variation on structural reliability estimates.” Structural Safety, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 429–444.
Hisada, T. and Nakagiri, S. (1985). “Role of stochastic finite element method in structural safety and reliability.” Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, ICOSSAR’ 85, pp. 385–395.
Kaymaza, I. and McMahonb, C. A. (2005). “A response surface method based on weighted regression for structural reliability analysis.” Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 11–17.
Kim, S. and Na, S. (1997). “Response surface method using vector projected sampling points.” Struct Safety, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 3–19.
Lee, S. H. and Kwak, B. M. (2006). “Response surface augmented moment method for efficient reliability analysis.” Structural Safety, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 261–272.
Minasny, B. and McBratney, A. B. (2006) “A conditioned Latin hypercube method for sampling in the presence of ancillary information.” Computers & Geoscience, Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 1378–1388.
Modjeski and Masters, Inc. (2003). Comprehensive design example for Prestressed Concrete (PSC) girder superstructure bridge with commentary, Design Step 5 Design of Superstructure.
Novák, D. and Lehký, D. (2006). “ANN inverse analysis based on stochastic small-sample training set simulation.” Engineer- ing Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 731–740.
Nowak, A. S. and Cho, T. (2007). “Prediction of the combination of failure modes for an arch bridge system.” Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 63, No. 12, pp. 1561–1569.
Papadrakakis, M. and Papadopoulos, V. (1996). “Robust and efficient methods for stochastic finite element analysis using Monte Carlo simulation.” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., Vol. 134, No. 3–4, pp. 325–340.
Rackwitz, R. and Fiessler, B. (1978). “Structural reliability under combined random load sequences.” Computers and Structures, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 489–494.
Rajaschekhar, M. R. and Ellingwood, B. R. (1993). “A new look at the response surface approach for reliability analysis.” Structural Safety, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 205–220.
Rangel-Ramírez, J. G. and Sørensen, J. D. (2008). “Optimal risk-based inspection planning for offshore wind turbines.” Int. J. of Steel Str., Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 295–304.
Rosenthal, J. S. (1996). “Markov chain convergence: From finite to infinite.” Stochastic Processes and their Applications, Vol. 62, No. 1, pp. 55–72.
Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process, New York, McGraw-Hill.
Schniederjans, M. J. and Garvin, T. (1997). “Using the analytic hierarchy process and multi-objective programming for the selection of cost drivers in activity based costing.” European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 100, No. 1, pp. 72–80.
Schuëller, G. I., Pradlwarter, H. J., and Koutsourelakis, P. S. (2004). “A critical appraisal of reliability estimation procedures for high dimensions.” Probabilist. Engrg. Mech., Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 463–474.
Sudret, B. and der Kiureghian, A. (2002). “Comparison of finite element reliability methods.” Probabilist. Engrg. Mech., Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 337–348.
Takada, T. (1991). “Weighted integral method in stochastic finite element analysis.” Prob. Engng. Mech, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 146–156.
Tartakovsky, D. M. and Xu, D. (2006). “Stochastic analysis of transport in tubes with rough walls.” J. Comput. Phys., Vol. 217, No. 1, pp. 248–259.
William, G. C. (1997). Sampling techniques (3rd ed.), John Wiley & Sons.
Yang, I. H. (2005). “Uncertainty and updating of long-term prediction of prestress forces in PSC box girder bridges.” Computers and Structures, Vol. 83, No. 25–26, pp. 2137–2149.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cho, T., Lee, JB. & Kim, SS. Probabilistic risk assessment for the construction phases of a PSC box girder railway bridge system with six sigma methodology. KSCE J Civ Eng 15, 119–130 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-0675-1
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-0675-1