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The mutual crosstalk between iron and erythropoiesis

  • Progress in Hematology
  • The path from stem cells to red blood cells
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Abstract

Iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis are strongly interconnected. On one side iron is essential to terminal erythropoiesis for hemoglobin production, on the other erythropoiesis may increase iron absorption through the production of erythroferrone, the erythroid hormone that suppresses hepcidin expression Also erythropoietin production is modulated by iron through the iron regulatory proteins-iron responsive elements that control the hypoxia inducible factor 2-α. The second transferrin receptor, an iron sensor both in the liver and in erythroid cells modulates erythropoietin sensitivity and is a further link between hepcidin and erythropoiesis. When erythropoietin is decreased in iron deficiency the erythropoietin sensitivity is increased because the second transferrin receptor is removed from cell surface. A deranged balance between erythropoiesis and iron/hepcidin may lead to anemia, as in the case of iron deficiency, defective iron uptake and erythroid utilization or subnormal recycling. Defective control of hepcidin production may cause iron deficiency, as in the recessive disorder iron refractory iron deficiency anemia or in anemia of inflammation, or in iron loading anemias, which are characterized by excessive but ineffective erythropoiesis. The elucidation of the mechanisms that regulates iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis is leading to the development of drugs for the benefit of both iron and erythropoiesis disorders.

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Funding

This work was supported by European Hematology Association (Advanced Research Grant 2020) and Italian Ministry of Health (GR-2019-12369583) to A.N

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milano, Italy

    Clara Camaschella, Alessia Pagani, Laura Silvestri & Antonella Nai

  2. Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

    Laura Silvestri & Antonella Nai

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  1. Clara Camaschella
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  2. Alessia Pagani
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  4. Antonella Nai
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CC conceived the structure of the paper. AP, LS and AN contributed to writing. LS contributed the figure. All authors revised and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Clara Camaschella.

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A.N. received research funding from Celgene (BMS group). The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Camaschella, C., Pagani, A., Silvestri, L. et al. The mutual crosstalk between iron and erythropoiesis. Int J Hematol 116, 182–191 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-022-03384-y

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