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An Observational Study on Association of Clinical Outcome of Diphtheria Cases with Immunization Status: A Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur

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Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background. Diphtheria is an important vaccine preventable disease with varied outcome from mild to death. It was observed that the outcome also gets affected with status of immunization. The outcome is relatively milder in immunized children. Objective. To find out the clinical presentation and outcome of diphtheria cases and its association with the immunization status. Methods. A descriptive analysis of 64 diphtheria cases admitted from January 2019 to May 2020 at SMS hospital, a tertiary care referral hospital in Jaipur. Results. Half of (51.56%, 33/60) patients were in the age group of 6–10 years. The peak load (48.44%) of diphtheria cases was seen in the monsoon season. Around 60% of the patients were fully immunized and around 10% partially immunized, every third case was un-immunized. The most common complication was neurological in 13 cases (20.31%), followed by cardiac complications in 11 cases (17.19%), and respiratory (7.81%). The proportion of complication was much lower (26.3%) in immunized cases as compare to partially immunized and un immunized. The proportion of myocarditis was significantly higher in un immunized cases (40%) than partially immunized (16.7%) and filly immunized group (5.3%). Similarly, Bronchopneumonia was also significantly higher (20%) in unimmunized. Conclusion. Our study depicted that there has been a shift of age above 5 years for diphtheria which suggests the need for the booster dose. Also high chances of complications are seen in unimmunized and partially immunized calling for public awareness regarding complete immunization.

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Pro-forma of the data taken is filled for every patient and is available with the first author for review.

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Funding

No financial funding received. Patients were treated free of cost under ‘MNDY (Mukhyamantri Nishulk Dava Yojana) scheme’ sponsored by Government of Rajasthan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Shraddha Sharma, Saket Jammar, Tanmaya Kataria, Sunita Agarwal, Yogendra Pareek & Shashank Nath Singh

  2. Department of Community Medicine, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Ajay Gupta

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  1. Shraddha Sharma
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  2. Saket Jammar
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  3. Tanmaya Kataria
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  4. Sunita Agarwal
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  6. Yogendra Pareek
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  7. Shashank Nath Singh
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Correspondence to Ajay Gupta.

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“All procedures performed in the presented study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional ethical committee of SMS Medical College Jaipur and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.”

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Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study in native language.

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Sharma, S., Jammar, S., Kataria, T. et al. An Observational Study on Association of Clinical Outcome of Diphtheria Cases with Immunization Status: A Tertiary Care Hospital, Jaipur. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 74 (Suppl 3), 5460–5464 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02769-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-021-02769-5

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