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Impact of DAA Treatment for HCV on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Predominately African American Population

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Abstract

Purpose

This study tested the hypothesis that our predominately AA medical center population would demonstrate a decline in HCV-driven HCC diagnosis following the initiation of DAA treatment in 2014. Also evaluated was whether achieving an SVR prior to diagnosis of HCC improved outcomes in patients who had an HCV diagnosis after completion of treatment.

Methods

All patients with HCC seen at the Detroit Medical Center from 2009 to 2021 were identified using ICD-10 codes, and medical records were evaluated. Outcomes were evaluated as either alive or death/hospice as of December of 2022.

Results

There were 461 patients with HCC of whom 433 (94%) had racial information in the database (AA = 351; non-AA = 82). HCC incidence regardless of race peaked in 2017, with a subsequent decline through 2021. HCV as a risk factor was higher in AA as compared to non-AA (85% vs. 53% p = 0.0001). Outcome (alive vs. death/hospice) was better for SVR patients compared to untreated patients (54% vs. 19%; p = 0.0009). HCC patients who achieved SVR also had better liver function at diagnosis as defined by Child-Pugh score (74% vs. 49% Class A p = 0.04) at the time of diagnosis.

Conclusions

Racial disparity in HCC etiology was confirmed with AA more likely to have HCV than non-AA. The reduction in HCC patients with HCV confirms the impact of DAA treatment and prior successful treatment of HCV yields better outcomes. Increasing HCV treatment rates especially in AA patients will have a major impact on HCC development and treatment outcomes.

What is Known:

• African Americans are more likely to have HCV infection as compared to non-AA.

• Hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing in incidence in the US.

• The role of HCV in the development of HCC remains to be further investigated.

What is New:

• HCC diagnosis in a single urban medical center study increased from 2009 as a result of HCV as a risk factor.

• HCC declined post 2018 due primarily to a reduction in HCV infection as the risk factor.

• African Americans were more likely to have HCV as the risk factor as compared to non-AA patients who were more likely to have no known risk factor on record (i.e., cryptogenic).

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Fig. 1
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Data Availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA

    Mohamad I. Itani, Bassem Farah, Margaret Wasvary, Anshu Wadehra, Tj Wilson, Brian Rutledge, Paul Naylor & Milton Mutchnick

  2. Departments of Surgery and Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA

    Eliza W. Beal

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Contributions

M.I.I, B.F, M.W, B.R, and A.W collected the data. B.R and P.N analyzed the data. M.I.I and B.F drafted the abstract. P.N prepared the manuscript. M.I.I, A.W, T.W, B.R, E.W.B, M.E, P.N, and M.M reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Paul Naylor.

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Itani, M.I., Farah, B., Wasvary, M. et al. Impact of DAA Treatment for HCV on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Predominately African American Population. J Gastrointest Canc (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12029-024-01076-w

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