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Synergistic Effect of Maternal Micronutrient Supplementation on ORFV DNA Vaccine Immune Response in a Pregnant Model

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Abstract

Contagious ecthyma is a contagious zoonotic disease caused by the Orf virus that can infect farm animals and humans, but no vaccine is available for pregnant mothers. Excessive oxidative stress during pregnancy can suppress the vaccine immune response in pregnant mothers; hence, maternal micronutrient supplementation could effectively improve the immune response, health, and oxidative status during pregnancy. In this study, we employed an 8-week-old pregnant rat model to receive a single intramuscular dose of 200 µg of ORF DNA vaccine with or without vitamin E and selenium supplementation to evaluate their effect on immune responses (specific IgG and IgG isotypes), oxidative stress, liver enzymes, and blood glucose levels in maternal-neonatal serum and milk secretions. Additionally, antioxidant-related gene expressions were analyzed in the maternal placenta and pups’ liver. The results showed that supplementation of vitamin E and selenium with ORF DNA vaccination increased the production of specific antibody and IgG isotypes (IgG1 and IgG2a) and reduced the oxidative stress in neonatal-maternal serum and milk compared to both the control group and those vaccinated without supplementation (p < 0.05). Notably, the ORF DNA vaccine did not cause oxidative stress and hepatic damage. However, combined supplementation of vitamin E and selenium with DNA vaccination significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and improved the antioxidant-related enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and selenoprotein P (SELP) in the maternal placenta and liver of pups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal supplementation of vitamin E and selenium enhanced the immune responses of the ORF DNA vaccine by mitigating oxidative stress in pregnant rats and could thus be a promising strategy for better health outcomes for both mothers and neonates.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge our reviewers and colleagues for their valuable comments, and suggestions, for the manuscript improvement. A special thanks to Dr. Teketay Wassie (School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, USA) for proofreading and English language editing.

Funding

This work was supported by Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030—Major Agricultural Biological Breeding Project (2022ZD0401403), China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (No. CARS-38), Germplasm Innovation Project of Prolificacy Sheep in ** Jiang

  • Laboratory of Sheep and Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China

    Sohail Ahmed, Guiqiong Liu, Ding Yi, Sha Yiyu & Xun** Jiang

  • Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Amber Sadiq

  • **njiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China

    Huiguo Yang

  • College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China

    Liu Yongbin

    • Authors
    1. Sohail Ahmed
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    Contributions

    X. P and G. L: Conceptualization, Data curation, Resources, Supervision, and Final review & editing; S. A: Experimentation, Data curation, Methodology, and Writing – original draft; D.Y, M. A and U. F: Formal analysis, and Methodology; S. Y, L. Y and A. S: Data Analysis, Visualization, and Writing – review & editing. H. Y and W. X: Data Analysis, Validation and Writing – review & editing.

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    Correspondence to Xun** Jiang.

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    Ahmed, S., Liu, G., Sadiq, A. et al. Synergistic Effect of Maternal Micronutrient Supplementation on ORFV DNA Vaccine Immune Response in a Pregnant Model. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04263-9

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