SpringerLink
Log in

Association of Plasma Metal Levels with Outcomes of Assisted Reproduction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Biological Trace Element Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this study is to explore the correlation of metal levels with assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. The individuals were recruited who met the research criteria, only tubal factor or male infertility served as the control group (n = 40) and patient group was PCOS patients (n = 35). Individuals (n = 75) were divided into PCOS group (n = 35) and control group (n = 40). The normal body mass index (BMI) group (control) includes women with BMI < 25 kg/m2 in PCOS group (n = 24) and control group (n = 33), and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 in PCOS group (n = 11) and control group (n = 7). We performed an analysis of insulin resistance (IR) (n = 15) group and without insulin resistance (NIR) group (n = 20) in PCOS patient and control patients. Comparing difference demographic data, ART outcomes and the metal levels in every group respectively, the correlation of metal levels and ART outcomes in control participants and PCOS patients were analyzed by the Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression model was used to examine the association between the concentration of 19 metals and ART outcomes in PCOS group and control group. Plasma manganese (Mn), titanium (Ti), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca)/Mg ratio, and Cu/zinc (Zn) ratio levels in PCOS patients were higher than that in control, while Zn and Ca levels were lower in PCOS patients than that in control. The Mg levels had a positive connection with the number of eggs recovered, and the iron (Fe) levels were positively associated with the number of transplanted embryos in PCOS-IR. In PCOS-NIR, Mn levels positively correlated with the number of follicles and the number of good embryos. Silver (Ag) levels were negatively correlated with the number of follicles, and aluminum (Al) levels were negatively related with the normal fertilization and the number of good embryos. The Spearman analysis in PCOS-BMI ≥ 25 group exhibited that nickel (Ni) levels were negatively associated with the number of follicles. The plasma metal levels seem to affect the clinical manifestations and in vitro fertilization outcomes in assisted reproduction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study could be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

PCOS:

Polycystic ovary syndrome

BMI:

Body mass index

IR:

Insulin resistance

IVF:

In vitro fertility

ART:

Assisted reproductive technology

FBG:

Fasting blood glucose

FSH:

Follicle-stimulating hormone

LH:

Luteinizing hormone

P:

Progestogens

T:

Testosterone

E2 :

Estradiol

AMH:

Anti-Mü-llerian hormon

TSH:

Thyrotropin

Total amount of GN:

Total amount of gonadotropins

HCG:

Human chorionic gonadotropin

GN days:

Gonadotropins days

HOMA-IR:

Homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index

FINS:

Fasting insulin concentration

SD:

Standard deviation

hs-CRP:

Hypersensitive-c-reactive-protein

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

MnSOD:

Manganese superoxide dismutase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

ATP:

Adenosine-triphosphate

MMP:

Metalloproteinases

OA:

Osteoarthritis

CHD:

Coronary heart disease

NO:

Nitric oxide

Sn:

Tin

Zn :

Zinc

B:

Boron

Cd:

Cadmium

Pb:

Lead

Ni:

Nickel

Ba:

Barium

Mn:

Manganese

Fe:

Iron

Cr:

Chromium

Mg:

Magnesium

Ga:

Gallium

Ca:

Calcium

Cu:

Copper

Ti:

Titanium

Ag:

Silver

Al:

Aluminum

Na:

Sodium

K:

Kalium

References

  1. Pokorska-Niewiada K, Brodowska A, Szczuko M (2021) The content of minerals in the PCOS group and the correlation with the parameters of metabolism. Nutrients 13(7):2214

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Ullah A, Jahan S, Razak S et al (2017) Protective effects of GABA against metabolic and reproductive disturbances in letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats. J Ovarian Res 10(1):62

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Tso LO, Costello MF, Albuquerque LET, Andriolo RB, Macedo CR (2020) Metformin treatment before and during IVF or ICSI in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12(12):CD006105

  4. Kirmizi DA, Baser E, Turksoy VA et al (2020) Are heavy metal exposure and trace element levels related to metabolic and endocrine problems in polycystic ovary syndrome? Biol Trace Elem Res 198(1):77–86

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kim K, Pollack AZ, Nobles CJ et al (2021) Associations between blood cadmium and endocrine features related to PCOS-phenotypes in healthy women of reproductive age: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health 20(1):64

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Ganz T, Nemeth E (2015) Iron homeostasis in host defence and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 15(8):500–510

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Farsinejad-Marj M, Azadbakht L, Mardanian F et al (2020) Clinical and metabolic responses to magnesium supplementation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 196(2):349–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Kanafchian M, Esmaeilzadeh S, Mahjoub S et al (2020) Status of serum copper, magnesium, and total antioxidant capacity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 193(1):111–117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tchounwou PB, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK et al (2012) Heavy metal toxicity and the environment. Exp Suppl 101:133–164

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang X, Zhong T, Liu L et al (2015) Impact of soil heavy metal pollution on food safety in China. PLoS ONE 10(8):e0135182

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhou Z, Peng C, Liu X et al (2022) Pollution and risk assessments of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil around lead-zinc smelteries via data integration analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(15):9698

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. UN Habitat and WHO. Progress on wastewater treatment: global status and acceleration needs for SDG indicator 6.3.1[EB/OL]. https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2021/08/sdg6_indicator_report_631_progress_on_wastewater_treatment_2021_english_pages.pdf, accessed 4 May 2022.

  13. Tolunay HE, Sukur YE, Ozkavukcu S et al (2016) Heavy metal and trace element concentrations in blood and follicular fluid affect ART outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 198:73–77

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Aquino NB, Sevigny MB, Sabangan J et al (2012) The role of cadmium and nickel in estrogen receptor signaling and breast cancer: metalloestrogens or not? J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 30(3):189–224

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Lai XL, **ong WJ, Li LS et al (2023) Zinc deficiency compromises the maturational competence of porcine oocyte by inducing mitophagy and apoptosis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 252:114593

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang Q, Sun Y, Zhao A et al (2023) High dietary copper intake induces perturbations in the gut microbiota and affects host ovarian follicle development. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 255:114810

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pokorska-Niewiada K, Brodowska A, Brodowski J et al (2022) Levels of trace elements in erythrocytes as endocrine disruptors in obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(2):976

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. La Marca A, Sighinolfi G, Radi D et al (2010) Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) as a predictive marker in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Hum Reprod Update 16(2):113–130

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group (2004) Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod 19(1):41–47

  20. Shokrpour M, Asemi Z (2019) The effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on hormonal status and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 191(1):54–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lin J, Lin X, Qiu J et al (2023) Association between heavy metals exposure and infertility among American women aged 20–44 years: a cross-sectional analysis from 2013 to 2018 NHANES data. Front Public Health 11:1122183

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Wu Y, Yang R, Lan J et al (2023) Iron overload modulates follicular microenvironment via ROS/HIF-1α/FSHR signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 196:37–52

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lakk-Bogáth D, Juraj NP, Meena BI et al (2021) Comparison of nonheme manganese- and iron-containing flavone synthase mimics. Molecules 26(11):3220

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Kidir V, Uz E, Yigit A et al (2016) Manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase gene polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in acute kidney injury. Ren Fail 38(3):372–377

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Faure C, Leveille P, Dupont C et al (2014) Are superoxide dismutase 2 and nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms associated with idiopathic infertility? Antioxid Redox Signal 21(4):565–569

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Pournourali M, Tarang A, Haghighi SF et al (2016) Polymorphism variant of MnSOD A16V and risk of female infertility in northern Iran. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 55(6):801–803

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Mckeating DR, Fisher JJ, Perkins AV (2019) Elemental metabolomics and pregnancy outcomes. Nutrients 11(1):565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Martinez-Finley EJ, Gavin CE, Aschner M et al (2013) Manganese neurotoxicity and the role of reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med 62:65–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Williams M, Todd GD, Roney N, Crawford J, Coles C, McClure PR, Garey JD, Zaccaria K, Citra M (2012) Toxicological profile for manganese. Atlanta (GA): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (US)

  30. Oulhote Y, Mergler D, Bouchard MF (2014) Sex- and age-differences in blood manganese levels in the U.S. general population: national health and nutrition examination survey 2011–2012. Environ Health 13:87

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Pine M, Lee B, Dearth R et al (2005) Manganese acts centrally to stimulate luteinizing hormone secretion: a potential influence on female pubertal development. Toxicol Sci 85(2):880–885

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lee B, Pine M, Johnson L et al (2006) Manganese acts centrally to activate reproductive hormone secretion and pubertal development in male rats. Reprod Toxicol 22(4):580–585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Iqbal S, Ali I, Rust P et al (2020) Selenium, zinc, and manganese status in pregnant women and its relation to maternal and child complications. Nutrients 12(3):580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Klotz LO, Kröncke KD, Buchczyk DP et al (2003) Role of copper, zinc, selenium and tellurium in the cellular defense against oxidative and nitrosative stress. J Nutr 133(5 Suppl 1):1448s-s1451

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Sun Y, Wang W, Guo Y et al (2019) High copper levels in follicular fluid affect follicle development in polycystic ovary syndrome patients: population-based and in vitro studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 365:101–111

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kurdoglu Z, Kurdoglu M, Demir H et al (2012) Serum trace elements and heavy metals in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Exp Toxicol 31(5):452–456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Mariath AB, Bergamaschi DP, Rondó PH et al (2011) The possible role of selenium status in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Br J Nutr 105(10):1418–1428

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Bizon A, Tchorz A, Madej P et al (2022) The activity of superoxide dismutase, its relationship with the concentration of zinc and copper and the prevalence of rs2070424 superoxide dismutase gene in women with polycystic ovary syndrome-preliminary study. J Clin Med 11(9):2548

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Babaei H, Roshangar L, Sakhaee E et al (2012) Ultrastructural and morphometrical changes of mice ovaries following experimentally induced copper poisoning. Iran Red Crescent Med J 14(9):558–568

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Yin J, Hong X, Ma J et al (2020) Serum trace elements in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 11:572384

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Schmalbrock LJ, Weiss G, Rijntjes E et al (2021) Pronounced trace element variation in follicular fluids of subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction. Nutrients 13(11):976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Nasiadek M, Stragierowicz J, Klimczak M et al (2020) The role of zinc in selected female reproductive system disorders. Nutrients 12(8):62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Garner TB, Hester JM, Carothers A et al (2021) Role of zinc in female reproduction. Biol Reprod 104(5):976–994

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Maksura H, Akon N, Islam MN et al (2021) Effects of estradiol on in vitro maturation of buffalo and goat oocytes. Reprod Med Biol 20(1):62–70

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Barman S, Srinivasan K (2017) Attenuation of oxidative stress and cardioprotective effects of zinc supplementation in experimental diabetic rats. Br J Nutr 117(3):335–350

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Piacenza F, Giacconi R, Costarelli L et al (2021) Age, sex, and BMI influence on copper, zinc, and their major serum carrier proteins in a large European population including nonagenarian offspring from MARK-AGE study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 76(12):2097–2106

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Yu ZP, Le GW, Shi YH (2005) Effect of zinc sulphate and zinc methionine on growth, plasma growth hormone concentration, growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 32(4):273–278

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Bluteau G, Conrozier T, Mathieu P et al (2001) Matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3, -13 and aggrecanase-1 and -2 are differentially expressed in experimental osteoarthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1526(2):147–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Tallant C, Marrero A, Gomis-Rüth FX (2010) Matrix metalloproteinases: fold and function of their catalytic domains. Biochim Biophys Acta 1803(1):20–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Chakraborty P, Ghosh S, Goswami SK et al (2013) Altered trace mineral milieu might play an aetiological role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 152(1):9–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Nazıroğlu M, Dikici DM, Dursun S (2012) Role of oxidative stress and Ca2+ signaling on molecular pathways of neuropathic pain in diabetes: focus on TRP channels. Neurochem Res 37(10):2065–2075

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Jang YJ, Ryu HJ, Choi YO et al (2004) Effects of an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator on insulin resistance and hypertension in high-fat-fed rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Metabolism 53(3):269–272

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Shojaeian Z, Sadeghi R, Latifnejad RR (2019) Calcium and vitamin D supplementation effects on metabolic factors, menstrual cycles and follicular responses in women with polycystic ocvary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Caspian J Intern Med 10(4):359–369

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Aoki K, Miyagawa K (1990) Correlation of increased serum calcium with elevated blood pressure and vascular resistance during calcium infusion in normotensive man. J Hypertens 8(6):579–583

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Morais JBS, Severo JS, De Alencar GRR et al (2017) Effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance in humans: a systematic review. Nutrition 38:54–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Babapour M, Mohammadi H, Kazemi M et al (2021) Associations between serum magnesium concentrations and polycystic ovary syndrome status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 199(4):1297–1305

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Tarleton EK (2018) Factors influencing magnesium consumption among adults in the United States. Nutr Rev 76(7):526–538

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Lim SS, Davies MJ, Norman RJ et al (2012) Overweight, obesity and central obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 18(6):618–637

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Afshar Ebrahimi F, Foroozanfard F, Aghadavod E et al (2018) The effects of magnesium and zinc co-supplementation on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and gene expression related to inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 184(2):300–307

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Lokman M, Ashraf E, Kassab RB et al (2022) Aluminum chloride-induced reproductive toxicity in rats: the protective role of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Biol Trace Elem Res 200(9):4035–4044

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Yokel RA (2020) Aluminum reproductive toxicity: a summary and interpretation of scientific reports. Crit Rev Toxicol 50(7):551–593

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Skalny AV, Kopylov PY, Paoliello MMB et al (2021) Hair lead, aluminum, and other toxic metals in normal-weight and obese patients with coronary heart disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(15):nzz108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. He FJ, Markandu ND, Sagnella GA et al (2001) Effect of salt intake on renal excretion of water in humans. Hypertension 38(3):317–320

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Cornelius F, Habeck M, Kanai R et al (2015) General and specific lipid-protein interactions in Na. K-ATPase Biochim Biophys Acta 1848(9):1729–1743

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Hamilton KP, Zelig R, Parker AR et al (2019) Insulin resistance and serum magnesium concentrations among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Curr Dev Nutr 3(11):nzz108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Kim JW, Kang KM, Yoon TK et al (2014) Study of circulating hepcidin in association with iron excess, metabolic syndrome, and BMP-6 expression in granulosa cells in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 102(2):548-554.e2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Marinelli S, Napoletano G, Straccamore M et al (2022) Female obesity and infertility: outcomes and regulatory guidance. Acta Biomed 93(4):e2022278

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Aleid A, Alturaifi MY, Alharbi RI, Saleh F, Alomari LH, Hazazi R, Sindi HA, Ahmed RA, Al Mutair A (2023) Assessing the impact of high body mass index (BMI) on the efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in Saudi Women: A cross-sectional study examining ovarian reserve and treatment outcomes. Cureus 15(10):e46706

  69. Silvestrim RL, Bos-Mikich A, Kulmann MIR et al (2019) The effects of overweight and obesity on assisted reproduction technology outcomes. JBRA Assist Reprod 23(3):281–286

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Jie HY, Zhou X, Zhao MP et al (2022) Pregnancy outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who conceived after single thawed blastocyst transfer: a propensity score-matched study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 22(1):718

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Artini PG, Obino MER, Micelli E et al (2020) Effect of d-chiro-inositol and alpha-lipoic acid combination on COH outcomes in overweight/obese PCOS women. Gynecol Endocrinol 36(9):755–759

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Freeland-Graves JH, Sanjeevi N, Lee JJ (2015) Global perspectives on trace element requirements. J Trace Elem Med Biol 31:135–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by grants Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (#2021JJ30598, 2021JJ30593, #2020JJ4536) and China Scholarship Council Grant (#CSC201708430228).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Dan Yin and Rui Mao contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province, Department of Education, Key Laboratory of Hengyang City On Biological Toxicology and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China

    Dan Yin, Rui Mao, Die Wang, ** Yu, Cuilan Zhou, Jun Liu, Suyun Li & Cuiying Peng

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, 30# Jiefang Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China

    Yulin Nie & Hongqing Liao

Authors
  1. Dan Yin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rui Mao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Die Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. ** Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Cuilan Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jun Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Suyun Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yulin Nie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Hongqing Liao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Cuiying Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Dan Yin and Rui Mao contributed to the conception of the study and wrote the manuscript; Die Wang, ** Yu and Cuilan Zhou contributed significantly to analysis and manuscript preparation; Jun Liu, Suyun Li, Yulin Nie performed the draws and processed the data of the manuscript; Hongqing Liao, Cuiying Peng helped perform the analysis with constructive discussions.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hongqing Liao or Cuiying Peng.

Ethics declarations

Competing Interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Attestation Statement.

• The subjects in this trial have not concomitantly been involved in other randomized trials (If applicable).

• Data regarding any of the subjects in the study has not been previously published unless specified.

• Data will be made available to the editors of the journal for review or query upon request.

Capsule: The plasma levels of metal elements might influence the ART outcomes in PCOS patients.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yin, D., Mao, R., Wang, D. et al. Association of Plasma Metal Levels with Outcomes of Assisted Reproduction in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04085-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04085-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation