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Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis

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Abstract

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is to investigate the overall effects of zinc supplementation on lipid profile and body composition such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase databases were searched from inception through October, 2023. The I2 and Cochran’s Q tests were used to assess heterogeneity between studies. Nineteen RCTs (n = 1357 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced TG (WMD = − 17.41 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 22.60, − 12.22; P < 0.001), TC (WMD: − 19.60 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 28.46, − 10.73, P < 0.001), LDL-C (WMD = − 8.80 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 14.80, − 2.81; P = 0.004), and BMI (WMD = − 0.53 kg/m2; 95% CI: − 1.05, − 0.01; P = 0.046) but not BW (WMD: − 0.51 kg, 95 % CI: − 1.99, 0.97, P = 0.498). Moreover, zinc supplementation increased HDL-C (WMD = 4.82 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.88, 8.76; P = 0.016) in patients with T2DM. Our results propose that zinc supplementation may be an effective strategy for improving lipid profile and body composition in patients with T2DM.

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Funding

We are thankful to the Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences for their financial support. The present study has been performed by a grant from the Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (grant number: 1402220).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Student Research Committee, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Mahsa Khajeh & Shirin Hassanizadeh

  2. Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Fatemeh Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi

  3. Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

    Reza Hassanizadeh

  4. Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Mahdi Vajdi

  5. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Gholamreza Askari

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Contributions

All authors have read and approved the manuscript; MK and GA were the main researchers, designed the hypothesis, and supervised the project. The literature search and screening data were done by MV, SH, RH, and MK. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by MV, FPFT, and MK.

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Correspondence to Mahdi Vajdi.

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The study protocol was approved and registered by the ethics committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUI.PHANUT.REC.1402.057). The protocol of the current study has been registered in the PROSPERO system (CRD42023460741).

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Khajeh, M., Hassanizadeh, S., Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi, F. et al. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-024-04059-x

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