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A Critical Review on Role of Available Synthetic Drugs and Phytochemicals in Insulin Resistance Treatment by Targeting PTP1B

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Abstract

Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition of impaired response of cells towards insulin. It is marked by excessive blood glucose, dysregulated insulin signalling, altered pathways, damaged pancreatic β-cells, metabolic disorders, etc. Chronic hyperglycemic conditions leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which causes excess generation of highly reactive free radicals, causing oxidative stress, further leading to development and progression of complications like vascular dysfunction, damaged cellular proteins, and DNA. One of the causes for IR is dysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Advancements in drug therapeutics have helped people manage IR by regulating PTP1B, however have been reported to cause side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest on usage of phytochemical constituents having IR therapeutic properties and aiding to minimize these complications. Medicinal plants have not been utilized to their full potential as a therapeutic drug due to lack of knowledge of their active and effective chemical constituents, mode of action, regulation of IR parameters, and dosage of administration. This review highlights phytochemical constituents present in medicinal plants or spices, their potential effectiveness on proteins (PTP1B) regulating IR, and reported possible mechanism of action studied on in vitro models. The study gives current knowledge and future recommendations on the above aspects and is expected to be beneficial in develo** herbal drug using these phytochemical constituents, either alone or in combination, for medication of IR and diabetes.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the founder president of Amity University Dr. Ashok K. Chauhan for motivating, providing all facilities, and constant support. The authors acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India for fellowship support [09/915(0017)/2019-EMR-I].

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  1. Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India

    Prangya Rath

  2. Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India

    Anuj Ranjan, Abhishek Chauhan & Tanu **dal

  3. Ministry of Ayush, Ayush Bhawan, GPO Complex INA, B Block, New Delhi, 110023, India

    Naval Kumar Verma

  4. Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India

    Atul Bhargava & Ram Prasad

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P.R, T.J, A.R., A.C, R.P.: conceptualisation; P.R: writing and editing; T.J, A.R, A.C, N.K.V, A.B., R.P,: reviewing; T.J: resources. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Rath, P., Ranjan, A., Chauhan, A. et al. A Critical Review on Role of Available Synthetic Drugs and Phytochemicals in Insulin Resistance Treatment by Targeting PTP1B. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 194, 4683–4701 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04028-x

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