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Microstructure and mechanical property of additively manufactured NiTi alloys: A comparison between selective laser melting and directed energy deposition

选区激光熔化与定向能量沉积NiTi 形状记忆合金组织与性能的对比研究

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Abstract

NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) with nominal composition of Ni 50.8 at% and Ti 49.2 at% was additively manufactured (AM) by selective laser melting (SLM) and laser directed energy deposition (DED) for a comparison study, with emphasis on its phase composition, microstructure, mechanical property and deformation mechanism. The results show that the yield strength and ductility obtained by SLM are 100 MPa and 8%, respectively, which are remarkably different from DED result with 700 MPa and 2%. The load path of SLM sample presents shape memory effect, corresponding to martensite phase detected by XRD; while the load path of DED presents pseudo-elasticity with austenite phase. In SLM sample, fine grain and hole provide a uniform deformation during tensile test, resulting in a better elongation. Furthermore, the nonequilibrium solidification was studied by a temperature field simulation to understand the difference of the two 3D printing methods. Both temperature gradient G and growth rate R determine the microstructure and phase in the SLM sample and DED sample, which leads to similar grain morphologies because of similar G/R. While higher G×R of SLM leads to a finer grain size in SLM sample, providing enough driving force for martensite transition and subsequently changing texture compared to DED sample.

摘要

利用激光增材制造技术成形了Ni50.8Ti49.2 形状记忆合金,对比分析选区激光熔化(SLM)成形试样与激光定向能量沉积(DED)成形试样的物相分布、微观结构、力学性能与变形机理。结果表明SLM试样具有100 MPa 的屈服**度和8%的伸长率,而DED 试样的屈服**度高达700 MPa 但仅有2%的伸长率。SLM 试样的变形行为主要体现为形状记忆效应,DED 试样的变形行为体现为伪弹性。XRD 结果表明SLM 基体为马氏体态而DED 试样为奥氏体态。分析发现非**衡凝固和激光定向凝固过程导致激光增材试样存在明显的熔池行为,但由于SLM 工艺的扫描速度明显高于DED 工艺的,其存在更高的温度梯度和生长速度,形成了更小的晶粒尺寸分布和更**的织构**度,且形成的气孔缺陷较为均匀,使得材料的均匀变形更易发生,具有较高的伸长率。Ni 元素的挥发以及更**的晶界界面能使得SLM试样具有足够的驱动力发生马氏体相变,改变了SLM 试样的**织构方向和变形方式。

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Dan Zheng  (郑聃), Rui-di Li  (**瑞迪), Tie-chui Yuan  (袁铁锤) & Yi **ong  (熊熠)

  2. State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Bo Song  (宋波)

  3. Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shenyang, 110035, China

    Jia-xing Wang  (汪嘉兴) & Ya-dong Su  (苏亚东)

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  1. Dan Zheng  (郑聃)
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Contributions

The overarching research goals were developed by LI Rui-di, YUAN Tie-chui and SONG Bo. ZHENG Dan and XIONG Yi provided the measured mechanical properties data, and analyzed the measured data. ZHENG Dan, XIONG Yi and WANG Jia-xing established the microstructure and calculated the predicted model of temperature field simulations. LI Rui-di and SU Ya-dong analyzed the calculated results. The initial draft of the manuscript was written by ZHENG Dan, LI Rui-di and SONG Bo. All authors replied to reviewers’ comments and revised the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rui-di Li  (**瑞迪).

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Conflict of interest

ZHENG Dan, LI Rui-di, YUAN Tie-chui, XIONG Yi, SONG Bo, WANG Jia-xing, SU Ya-dong declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Foundation item: Project(2020JJ2046) supported by the Science Fund for Hunan Distinguished Young Scholars, China; Project(S2020GXKJGG0416) supported by the Special Project for Hunan Innovative Province Construction, China; Project (2018RS3007) supported by the Huxiang Young Talents, China; Project(GuikeAB19050002) supported by the Science Project of Guangxi, China

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Zheng, D., Li, Rd., Yuan, Tc. et al. Microstructure and mechanical property of additively manufactured NiTi alloys: A comparison between selective laser melting and directed energy deposition. J. Cent. South Univ. 28, 1028–1042 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4677-y

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