Abstract
A total of 126 bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples. Among them, 11 isolates were found positive for amylase production. Strain YL produced the largest zone of clearance on plate assay. The isolate YL was identified as Bacillus sp. based on morphological and physiochemical characterization. According to 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, the closest phylogenetic neighbor of strain YL was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (99.54%). After that, an optimization of culture conditions was carried out for the improvement of α-amylase production. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the effect of medium components including wheat bran, cottonseed extract, yeast extract, starch, NaCl and CaCl2. Three variables (wheat bran, cottonseed extract, and starch), which were identified to significantly affect amylase production by Plackett-Burman design were further optimized using response surface methodology of Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimal concentrations estimated for each variable related to the maximum of amylase activity (86 kU/mL) were 10.80 g/L wheat bran, 9.90 g/L cottonseed extract, 0.5 g/L starch, 2.0 g/L yeast extract, 5.00 g/L NaCl and 2.00 g/L CaCl2. The fermentation using optimized culture medium allowed a significant increase in amylase production (by 3-fold). The improvement in the α-amylase production after optimization process can be considered adequate for large-scale applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
GUPTA R, GIGRAS P, MOHAPATRA H, GOSWAMI V K, CHAUHAN B. Microbial alpha-amylases: A biotechnological perspective [J]. Process Biochemistry, 2003, 38(11): 1599–1616.
AMORNCHAI A, NATTHAPONG S. Control of fed-batch bioreactors by a hybrid on-line optimal control strategy and neural network estimator [J]. Neurocomputing, 2009, 72(10/11/12): 2297–2306.
TANYILDIZI M S, ÖZER D, ELIBOL M. Production of bacterial α-amylase by B. amyloliquefaciens under solid substrate fermentation [J]. Journal of Biochemistry Engineering, 2007, 37(3): 194–197.
ALIKHAJEH J, KHAJEH K, MANESH M N, RANJBAR B, SAJEDI R H, NADERI-MANESH H. Kinetic analysis, structural studies and prediction of pKa values of Bacillus KR-8104 α-amylase: The determinants of pH-activity profile [J]. Enzyme Microbiology Technology, 2007, 41(2): 337–341.
HAQ I, ASHRAF H, IQBAL J. Production of alpha amylase by Bacillus licheniformis using an economical medium [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2003, 87(5): 57–61.
DJEKRIF D S, GHERIBI A B, MERAIHI Z, BENNAMOUN L. Application of a statistical design to the optimization of culture medium for alpha-amylase production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404 grown on orange waste powder [J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2006, 73(2): 190–197.
SCHMIDELL W, FACCIOTTI M C R, KILIKIAN B V, ABOUTBOUL H, AGUERO J M Z. Influence of pH oscillations in amyloglucosidase production by Aspergillus awamori [J]. Revista de Microbiologia, 1988, 19: 71–77.
FACCIOTTI M C R, KILIKIAN B V, SCHMIDELL W, FACHINI E R. Glucoamylase synthesis in batch process by Aspergillus awamori: Influence of pH and initial polysaccharide concentration [J]. Revista de Microbiologia, 1989, 20: 108–114.
GOGOI B K, BEZBARUAH R L, PILLAI K R, BARUAH J N. Production, purification and characterization of an a-amylase produced by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera [J]. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 1987, 63: 373–379.
WAŚKO, MONIKA K W, PODLEŚNY M, MAGDALENA P B, TARGOŃSKI Z, AGNIESZKA K K. The Plackett-Burman design in optimization of media components for biomass production of Lactobacillus rhamnosus OXY [J]. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 2010, 61(3): 344–355.
OTHUMPANGAT S, NAGIN C, SIDAPPA C B. Optimization and interaction of media components in ethanol production using Zymomonas mobilis by response surface methodology [J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 1999, 88(3): 334–338.
FRED J R, VISHAL S. Mixture design as a first step for optimization of fermentation medium for cutinase production from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum [J]. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2007, 34(5): 349–355.
SILVA C, ROBERTO I C. Optimization of xylitol production by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 using response surface methodology [J]. Process Biochemistry, 2001, 36(11)}: 1119–112
ACIKEL U, ERSAN M, ACIKEL Y S. Optimization of critical medium components using response surface methodology for lipase production by Rhizopus delemar [J]. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2010, 88(1): 31–39.
LIU Y, LIU Q, LIN S X. Tree-to-string alignment template for statistical machine translation [C]// Association of Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg: ASCF, 2006: 609–616.
HE Y Q, TAN T W. Use of response surface methodology to optimize culture medium for production of lipase with Candida sp 99–125 [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic, 2006, 43(1/4): 9–14.
AHUJA S K, FERREIRA G M, MOREIRA A R. Application of Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology to achieve exponential growth for aggregated shipworm bacterium [J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2004, 85(6): 666–675.
DEY G, MITRA A, BANERJEE R, MAITI B R. Enhanced production of amylase by optimization of nutritional constituents using response surface methodology [J]. Journal Biochemistry Engineering, 2001, 7(3): 227–231.
FRANCIS A S, NAMPOOTHIRI K M. Use of response surface methodology for optimizing process parameters for the production of α-amylase by Aspergillus oryzae [J]. Journal Biochemistry Engineering, 2003, 15(11): 278–284.
KUNAMNENI A, KUMAR K S, SINGH S. Response surface methodological approach to optimize the nutritional parameters for enhanced production of alpha amylase in solid state fermentation by Thermomyces lanuginosus [J]. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2005, 4(7): 708–716.
WEISBURG W G, BARNS S M, PELLETIER D A, LANE D J. 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study [J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 1991, 173(2): 697–703.
MILLER G L. Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar [J]. Analytic Chemistry, 1959, 31: 56–58.
YOO Y J, HONG J, HATCH R T. Comparison of α-amylase activities from different assay methods [J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1987, 30(4): 147–151.
CHAKRABORTY S, KHOPADE A, KOKARE C, MAHADIK K, CHOPADE B. Isolation and characterization of novel α-amylase from marine Streptomyces sp. D1 [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 2009, 58(1/4): 17–23.
LAEMMLI U K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4 [J]. Nature, 1970, 227: 680–685.
FUKUMOTO J. Studies on the production of bacterial amylase (I): Isolation of bacteria secreting potent amylases and their distribution [J]. Journal Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, 1943, 19: 487–503. (in Japanese)
GANGADHARAN D, SIVARAMAKRISHNAN S, NAMPOOTHIRI K M, SUKUMARAN R K, PANDEY A. Response surface methodology for the optimization of alpha amylase production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(11): 4597–4602.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: Project(31000350) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2010CB630902) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhao, W., Zheng, J., Wang, Yg. et al. A marked enhancement in production of amylase by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in flask fermentation using statistical methods. J. Cent. South Univ. Technol. 18, 1054–1062 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-011-0803-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-011-0803-6