Abstract
This study highlights some of the effects of the application of Azotobacter chroococcum (INIFAT5 strain) on in vitro-pineapple plantlets during acclimatization. The bacteria were sprayed immediately after transplanting to the ex vitro environment; the plants were then sprayed every 4 week. Subsequently (4 months) the evaluated variables included plantlet fresh and dry weights, leaf and root lengths, and composition of minerals, amino-acids, carbohydrates and proteins. Photosynthesis indicators were also evaluated. Significant effects of the application of Azotobacter over pineapple plantlets during acclimatization were observed in the mineral, amino-acid, carbohydrate and protein levels, as well as, in the photosynthesis indicators. Contrastingly, plant growth parameters showed modest increases caused by the bacteria, although they were statistically significant. Looking into specific minerals, the following significant effects of Azotobacter should be highlighted: increased levels of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, copper and zinc. Moreover, contents of all amino-acids recorded showed significant increases in their levels in sprayed plantlets. Carbohydrates were also increased in leaves of plantlets bio-fertilized with the bacteria, mainly sucrose and fructose. Chlorophyll b levels were also significantly increased by Azotobacter. The biofertilizer did not modify levels of calcium, iron or manganese.
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Acknowledgments
This research is an output of a scholarship from the Food Security Center from the University of Hohenheim, which is part of the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) program “exceed” and is supported by DAAD and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). We are grateful to the Laboratory of Soil Fertility, Postgraduate College (Campus Montecillo, Mexico) and to Dr. Andrés Estrada, Mrs. Yolanda Rodríguez, Mr. Enrique Ramirez and Dr. Yolanda Garza for their excellent contributions to this research.
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González-Rodríguez, R.M., Serrato, R., Molina, J. et al. Biochemical and physiological changes produced by Azotobacter chroococcum (INIFAT5 strain) on pineapple in vitro-plantlets during acclimatization. Acta Physiol Plant 35, 3483–3487 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-013-1373-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-013-1373-z